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Definition
| rock that has forced its way into surrounding rock |
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| rock that surrounds intrusive igneous rock |
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| form when broken pieces of lava are thrown high into the air |
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Definition
| estremely small fragments, usually glass, that form when escaping gases force a fine spray of magma from a volcano |
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| a frothy mass of volcanic glass with a great number of vesticles (vesticles are holes that remain after trapped gas has escaped from the solidifying melt) |
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Definition
| volcanic rock that contains only tiny vesicles and so is solid and dense |
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| igneous rock that has a mixed texture in which large crystals "float" in a predominantly fine crystalline matrix |
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Definition
| an extrusive rock formed from lava |
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Definition
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| rapid cooling of earth's surface produces the finely grained texture or glassy appearance of these |
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| rocks that are poor in iron and magnesium and rich in minerals that are high in silica |
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| the extrusive equivalent of granite |
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| intermediate igneous rocks |
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Definition
| rocks that are neither as rich in silica as felsic rocks nor as poor in it as the mafic rocks |
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Definition
| a light-colored felsic rock that looks something like granite |
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Definition
| the volcanic equivalent of granodiorite |
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| quartz, potassium felspar, plagioclase feldspar, muscovite (mica) |
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Definition
| biotite (mica), amphibole group, pyroxene group, olivine |
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Definition
| rocks that are high in pyroxenes and olivines. relatively poor in silica but rich in magnesium and iron |
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Definition
| rocks that consist primarily of mafic minerals and contain less than 10% FELSPAR |
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Definition
| the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow |
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Definition
| occurs because the minerals that compose a rock melt at different temperatures |
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| produces the greatest volume of molten rock anywhere on earth |
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| magma-filled cavities in the lithosphere that form as ascending drops of melted rock push aside surrounding solid rock |
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Definition
| a process by which rocks of varying composition can arise from a uniform parent magma |
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Term
| fractional crystallization |
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Definition
| the process by which the crystals formed in a cooling magma are segregated from the remaining liquid |
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Definition
| tabular, sheetlike body formed by the injection of magma between parallel layers of preexisting bedded rock |
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Definition
| the major route of magma transport in the crust |
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Definition
| veins of extremely coarse-grained granite cutting across a much finer grained country rock |
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