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| A naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals |
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| The relative proportions of a rock's constituent materials |
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| The sizes and shapes of its mineral crystals and the way they are put together |
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| All rocks that form by the solidification of molten rock |
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| All rocks formed as the burial products of layers of sediments (such as sand, mud), whether they were laid down on the land or under the sea |
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| All rocks formed by the transformation of preexisting solid rocks under the influence of high pressure and temperature |
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| The set of geologic procceses that convert each type of rock into the other two types |
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| Crystallize when magma intrudes into unmelted rock masses deep in Earth's crust. Can be recognized by their interlocking large crystals which grew slowly as the magma cooled. Ex. Granite |
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| Igneous rocks that form from rapidly cooled magmas that erupt at the surface through volacnoes. Generally glassy or fine-grained. |
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| The precursors of sedimentary rocks, found on Earth's surface as layers of loose particles such as sand, silt, and the shell of organisms. |
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| All of the chemical and physical processes that break up and decay rocks into fragments of various sizes |
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| the set of processes that loosen soil and rock and move them to the spot where they are deposited as layers of sediment |
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| Sediments that are physically deposited particles, such as grains of quartz and feldspar derived from a weathered granite |
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| Chemical and Biochemical Sediments |
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| Sediments that are new chemical substances that form by precipitation when some of a rock's components dissolve during weathering and are carrived in river waters to the sea |
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| The process that converts sediments into solid rock, occuring in compaction (squeezing together of grains) and cementation (minerals preciptitate around deposited particles and bind them together) |
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| The formation of parallel layers of sediment as particles settle to the bottom of the sea, a river, or a land surface |
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| Metamorphism that occurs where high pressures and temperatures extend over large regions, as happens where plates collide |
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| metamorphism that occurs where high temperatures are restricted to smaller areas, such as the rocks near and in contact with an intrustion |
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way or flat planes produced when the rock was structurally deformed into folds
found in many regionally metamorphosed rocks |
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| places where bedrock is laid bare |
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| the underlying rock beneath the loose surface materials |
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| all igneous intrusives, from Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld |
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| all extrusive igneous rocks |
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| begins with plate collision and ends in mountain building. the igneous rocks that form at the boundaries where plates collide, together with associated sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, are then uplifted into a high mountain chain as a section of Earth's crust crumples and deforms |
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| a depression of sinking of the Earth's crust that accompanies burial of the sediments laid down in the sea, or on land |
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