Term
What are the 4 core functions of public health? |
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Definition
1. Assessment
2. Policy Development
3. Assurance
4. Research |
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Term
IRT the 4 core functions of PH; what are the components of assessment 1-2 |
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Definition
1. Monitor Health
2. Diagnose and Investigate |
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Term
IRT the 4 core functions of PH; what are the components of Policy Development? 3-5 |
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Definition
1. Inform educate empower
2. educate community partners
3. Develop policy |
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Term
IRT the 4 core functions of PH; what are the components of Assurance 6-9 |
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Definition
1. Enforce Laws
2. Link to provide care
3. Assure competent workforce
4. Evalute |
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Term
When a pharmacists is performing regular day to day tasks are they in the realm ot micro or macro PH? |
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Definition
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Term
When does a pharmacist start performing Macro level PH? |
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Definition
When when they step outside of their normal role. |
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Term
3 levels of prevention, and description of each |
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Definition
1. Primary - preventing
2. Secondary - detecting
3. Tircherary - treating |
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Term
Healthy People 2010 is a _______ level PH policy |
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Definition
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Term
Macro Goal of Healthy People 2010 irt MTM |
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Definition
Prevent hospitilazations related to MTM type problems |
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Term
| Micro goal for Healthy People 2010 irt MTM |
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Definition
| Clinicians identify ADES and prevent worsening (secondary prevention) and treat affected pts (tertiary prevention) |
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Term
| Overarching goals of Healthy people 2010/2020 |
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Definition
| Promote good health and well being |
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Term
| T/F Behavior both shapes and is shaped by the social environment |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Behavior is affected by multiple levels of influence? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pharmacists role in Public health is to |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention care services associated with pharmacists |
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Definition
Immunization/vaccination
Home Diagnostic Kit selection |
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Term
| IRT Home diagnostic kits Pharmacists play these 3 parts |
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Definition
1. Appropriate selection
2. Bridge Between Pt and Provider
3. Counseling/education |
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Term
| Use another word to describe both micro and macro irt PH pharmacists |
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Definition
Micro - inside
Macro - Outside |
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Term
| Define the Socio-ecological Model |
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Definition
| A model of health that emphasizes the linkages and relationships among multiple factors (or determinants0 affecting health |
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Term
| 5 levels of the socio-ecological model from broad to specific |
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Definition
Public policy
community
organizational
interpersonal
individual |
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Term
| The INTERPERSONAL level of the socio-economic model includes |
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Definition
| family, friends, and peers |
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Term
| The INTRAPERSONAL level of the socio-economic model includes |
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Definition
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Term
| The COMMUNITY level of the socio-economic model includes |
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Definition
Institutional factors
Community Factors
Public Policy |
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Term
| IRT to socio-economic model community level; institutional factors include |
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Definition
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Term
| IRT to socio-economic model community level; community factors include |
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Definition
| 2. Social networks, norms, and standards |
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Term
| IRT to socio-economic model community level; Public policy include |
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Definition
| 3, Local/State/Federal policy an laws |
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Term
| Health status can be influenced by |
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Definition
Biology/genetics
Individual Behaviors
Health services
Social factors/environment
Policy making |
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Term
| Positive environment interactions __________ health while negative ____________ health. |
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Definition
positive improve
negative decrease -->illness |
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Term
| Three strategies of health promotion |
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Definition
1. Information/education
2. Modify external environment
3. Combo of both |
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Term
| T/F Individual level health promotions should target broad populations |
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Definition
| T; posters, TV, ads, Billboards.... |
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Term
| How are outcomes of individual level health promotion interventions measured |
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Definition
1. self-reported
2. indirectly |
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Term
| Community level health promotions |
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Definition
| Create an environment that enables people to b healthy and targets infrastructure and policies |
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Term
| State/National level interventions target |
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Definition
Resource allocation
law or regulations
Local government/organizations
Grant programs (infrastructure)
Improve access to service in # communities |
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Term
| __________ is the cornerstone concept of public health |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevention occurs at both individual and population levels |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3 levels of population prevention irt the flu |
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Definition
Primary-reduce risk of exposure (flu-shot)
Secondary- community was exposed; now we are reducing severity/number of cases
Tertiary - treating people that have the flu |
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Term
| Pharmacists role I the seasonal flu? |
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Definition
| Secondary and tertiary prevention; we cannot really effect exposure |
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Term
| What are some factors that indirectly influence health |
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Definition
housing
availability of safe/nutritional foods
criminal activity |
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Term
| The ecological approach to PH studies |
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Definition
| Relationship between people and their environment |
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Term
| 4 different meanings of "population" |
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Definition
People that share:
1. geographic location
2. common characteristics
3. residents of a facility
4. Specific disease/condition |
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Term
| When does the PH intervention occur? |
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Definition
| Pre-Disease; population level |
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Term
| ___ and ____ are the tools of public health |
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Definition
| epidemiology and statistics |
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Term
| IRT Emergency Disasters what type causes the most damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two categories of registered volunteers |
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Definition
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Term
| IRT emergency preparedness You must be registered to volunteer |
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Definition
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Term
| List some potential disasters |
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Definition
Pandemics
Bioterrorism
Chemical incident
Mass casualty
Natty disaster
Radiation |
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Term
| What are the four steps of the disaster response cycle |
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Definition
1. Planning
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Mitigation |
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Term
| Which step of the disaster response cycle is pharmacists not involved with? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many emergency planning jurisdictions in Maryland |
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Definition
27
23 counties
1 Baltimore
1 Cecil county (philly)
1 DC |
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Term
| Where do federal emergency supplies become State property? |
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Definition
| @ Receipt-Store-Stage sites AKA: RSS sites |
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Term
| How many levels of emergency? |
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Definition
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Term
| @ level 2 emergency how many RSS sites are activated |
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Definition
| at least partially activation of one |
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Term
| @ level 1 emergency how many RSS sites are active? |
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Definition
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Term
| IRT emergency preparedness eMCM is |
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Definition
| emergency medical countermeasures distribution and dispensing plan |
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Term
| How long does it take eMCM assets to be delivered? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two components of SNS (Strategic National Stockpile) plan? |
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Definition
1. 12-hour push package
2. Managed inventory |
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Term
| What size is the 12 hour push package |
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Definition
| Fits in 1 cargo plane or 8 tractor trailers |
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Term
| How often are eMCM inventories quality checked? |
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Definition
quarterly Quality assurance check
annual inventory |
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Term
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Definition
1. antibiotics
2. Life support meds/equip
3. IV meds/supplies
4. Airway maint. supplies
5. Medical/surgical items |
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Term
| T/F HIPPA does not apply in natural disasters |
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Definition
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Term
| Shifts/personnel required to run an RSS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pharmacy roles at an RSS site |
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Definition
CDS inventory
Repackaging
Distribution of prophylaxis to RSS personnel and their families
Verification/QA on outgoing shipments |
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Term
| T/F at hour 12 all delivered pods (points of distribution) around the state are opened simultaneously? |
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Definition
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Term
| Only the _________ talk to the incident commander |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of pods irt emergency preparedness |
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Definition
Public - anyone
Closed - for certain people/locations
Push - secondary distribution points |
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Term
| _______ ensures that a health program has the best likelihood of success |
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Definition
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Term
| Healthy People 2020 mission is |
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Definition
| increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health disease and disability |
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Term
| T/F People usually belong to only one community? |
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Definition
| F - people belong to several communities |
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Term
| Members of a target health program are not only the intended recipients, but are also _________________ |
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Definition
| involved in the planning process |
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Term
| 5 steps of Health Program Planning Cycle |
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Definition
Assess
Plan
Act
Evaluate
Sustain |
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Term
| Law enforcement, organizations, associations, and clubs are what type of community assets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of Individual assets community assets |
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Definition
individual business
community members
personal income
HCPs |
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Term
| When planning a health program objectives should be based on |
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Definition
| needs and resources assesments |
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Term
| SMART acronym irt Health program objectives |
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Definition
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Timed |
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Term
| Fundraisers, grant applications, marketing, membership fees are part of which step of a health program |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Predisposed, reinforcing and enabling constructs in Educational and environmental diagnosis and evaluation - Policy Regulatory and Organizational Constructs in educational and environmental development |
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Term
| T/F in an ecological approach all aspects of a person's environment are considered as potential intervention targets including individual traits |
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Definition
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Term
| The first step in any health promotion endeavor is |
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Definition
| understanding the target population |
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Term
| The precede proceed model plans ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 key aspects of the Proceed precede model (PPM) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Social Dx
2. Epidemiological dx
3. Behavioral/Environmental Dx
4. Educational/ecological dx
5. Administrative/policy assessment
6. Implementation
7. Process evaluation
8. Impact evaluation
9. Outcome evaluation |
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Term
| What does the acronym PATCH stand for? |
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Definition
| Planned Approach to Community Health |
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Term
| Which planning model was developed by the CDC I the 1980s |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 phases of PATCH |
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Definition
1. Mobilize the community
2. Collect organize data
3. Selecting Health priorities
4, Develop a comprehensive intervention
5. Evaluation |
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Term
| What does MATCH stand for |
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Definition
| Multi-level Approach To Community Health |
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Term
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Definition
1. Health goal selection
2. Intervention planning
3. Program development
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation |
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Term
| IRT to PPM (Precede-Proceed Model) Precede _____________ and proceed _________ |
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Definition
Precede - asses needs & defines objectives
Proceed - deals with implementation and evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| defining problems and priorities of community; all are sourced from the community |
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Term
| IRT PPM PH2 EPI Assess involves |
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Definition
Identifying specific health problems affecting the QOL issues determined in PH1
Identify and rank top health problems |
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Term
| IRT PPM PH3 Ed and Environmental Asses involves |
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Definition
| identifying factors that affect behaviors and environment |
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Term
| IRT PPM PH# Ed and Environmental Assess; what is the difference of predisposing, enabling factors, reinforcing factors |
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Definition
predisposing factors make people more or less likely to adopt
enabling factors provide internal and external conditions that helpmpeople adapt
Reinforcing factors provide rewards |
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Term
| Examples of predisposing factors |
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Definition
knowledge
attitude
beliefs
values
perceptions |
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Term
| Examples of Reinforcing factors |
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Definition
| influence from parents, teachers, employers... |
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Term
| Examples of enabling factors |
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Definition
availability
assessibility
Skills |
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Term
| IRT PPM PH4 Admin and policy Assess- Intervention alignment involves |
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Definition
Aligning intervention with ph1-3
Asses resources reqd
Identify barriers
Assess policies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Methods of collecting primary data |
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Definition
survey
focus group
key informant interview
observation |
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Term
| A typical focus group consists of |
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Definition
| 6-10 people w/ commonalities |
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Term
| When conducting a focus group what three things/people are required |
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Definition
1. moderator
2. note taker
3. tape recorder |
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Term
| T/F IRB approval is reqd for both primary and secondary sources of data |
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Definition
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Term
| Obervational interviews can take place at |
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Definition
community events
town hall meetings
schools
environmental sscans |
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Term
| Key informant interviews are conducted with |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F Key informant interviews lack of generalizability |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A capacity action plan highlights ___________ and _________ in a community |
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Definition
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Term
| Starting a coalition, or raising community readiness and awareness are examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| IRT Pester Edwards and Thurman (PET) HIV article; what were 6 community dimensions assesd in interviews? |
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Definition
1. efforts to address
2. knowledge of efforts
3. leadership
4. community climate
5. knowledge about issue
6. resources |
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Term
| IRT Pester Edwards and Thurman (PET) HIV article; what are 9 stages of community readiness determined from interviews? |
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Definition
1. None
2. Denial/resistance
3. Vague awareness
4. preplanning
5. preparation
6. initiation
7. stabilization
8. confirmation/expansion
9. high level of community ownership |
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Term
| Results of PET HIV Article |
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Definition
| No communities were above pre-planning stage |
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Term
| Conclusion of Lenz article |
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Definition
| few pharmacy schools are addressing recommendations to promote public health education through formalized didactic courses |
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Term
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Definition
| Nutrition, smoking cessation exercise and weight loss are most commonly offered PH elective courses |
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