Term
| what is the word pelvic derived from? what does it mean? |
|
Definition
| derived from Latin and Greek and means dish or bowl |
|
|
Term
| where is the pelvic girdle located, positioned, supports, rests on? |
|
Definition
is the central section of the axial skeleton
positioned between the lower end of the spine,
supports the spine
rests upon the lower extremities |
|
|
Term
| what bones comprise the bony pelvis? |
|
Definition
sacrum - posterior
coccyx - posterior
2 innomiate bones (which consists of the fusion of the ilium, ischium and the pubis - anterior & lateral |
|
|
Term
| where does the imaginary plane run from? |
|
Definition
| imaginary plane running from the sacral prominence to the upper margin of the pubis symphsis |
|
|
Term
| which are the 2 regions that divide the pelvic cavity |
|
Definition
false pelvis (pelvis major)
true pelvis (pelvis minor) |
|
|
Term
| where does the false pelvis lie? |
|
Definition
| sits abvoe the imaginary plane and is bound by the iliac wings. It is a broad shallow cavity that supports the abdominal viscera |
|
|
Term
| where does the true pelvis sit? what is it further divided into? |
|
Definition
| sits below the imaginary plane and is further divided into pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet |
|
|
Term
| _______ pelvis is larger, incompletely enclosed cavity between the upper parts of the ilia. This basin is incomplete because it lacks an anterior wall. It sits on top of the true pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ pelvis is the smaller, completely enclosed cavity within the pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the pelvic inlet horizontally oriented? |
|
Definition
| bound by the pubic bones anteriorly & the sacral promontory posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| how is the pelvic outlet verically oriented? |
|
Definition
| bound by the ischial tuberosities laterally and the coccyx posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| Where is the bladder, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and adnexa situated in the absence of masses in the nongravid patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pelvic ligaments which can be classified as those which bind the pelvic bones together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pelvic ligaments which can be classified as those which support the uterus and ovaries ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 categories of suspensory ligaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the uterine ligaments? |
|
Definition
cardinal
uterosacral
round
broad |
|
|
Term
| which uterine ligament arise superiorly and laterally from the uterus and inferiorly from the vagina to provide primary support for the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which uterine ligaments extends posterolaterally from the cervix, encircles the rectum, and inserts onto the fascia over the sacrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which uterine ligaments are situated anterior and inferior to the broad ligaments and fallopian tubes & attach the uterine cornu to the anterior pelvic wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which uterine ligament extend from the laeral aspects of the uterus and attach to the lateral pelvic side walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the ________ ligament maintain the forward bend of the uterine
the _______ & _________ ligament hold the cervix back and upward |
|
Definition
round
cardinal & ureterosacral ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is a double fold of periotneum that extends from the uterine cornua to the lateral pelvic walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ligament provides minimal support for the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the features of broad ligament? |
|
Definition
| arise from the lateral aspect of the uterus on each side contain fat vessels and nerves between layers of periotneum. Divides the true pelvis ino anterior and poserior compartments. Ovaries attached to posterior surface of the broad ligament |
|
|
Term
| The spaces within the peritoneal cavity located posterior to the broad ligaments is called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the ligament seen extending from the lateral aspects of the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches the inferior ovary to the uterione cornu, posterior to the fallopiean tube on each side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ligament is continuous issue that connects the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. It contains blood and lymph vessels passing to and from the ovary? |
|
Definition
| suspensory aka infundibulopelvic |
|
|
Term
| a short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the posterior layer of the borad ligament of the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the groups of pelvic musculature? |
|
Definition
false pelvis muscles (abdomino pelvic)
true pelvis muscles |
|
|
Term
| which are the false pelvis muscles? |
|
Definition
rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis
iliopsoas |
|
|
Term
| which muscle form the anterior margin of the abdominal & pelvic spaces. it extends from the xiphoid process to the symphsis pubis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rectus abdominus muscles, which are paired, are intersected transversely by the _________ ________ muslces that are wrapped in a sheath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles resemble a corset insofar as they wrap around the trunk from back to front |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sheath along with the transversus abdominis muscles fuse and form the ________ ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles are prominent paired muscles that originate at the lower thoracic vertebrae and extends lateral and anterior as it courses through the lower abdomen, along the pelvic side wall to eventually insert on the lesser trochanter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Just inferior to the iliac crest the psoas major muscle merges with the iliacus muscle creating the _______ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle forms part of the lateral margins of the pelvic basin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what connects the lumbar spine to the femur?
what connects the iliac crest to the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 layers of the true pelvis muscles? and what is the primary purpose of the true pelvis muscles? |
|
Definition
the perineum
the deep
primary purpose of the true pelvis muscles is to hold the pelvic organs in place |
|
|
Term
| which are the true pelvic muscles? |
|
Definition
obturator internus
piriformis
pelvic diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Which is the triangular muscle arising from the antero-lateral wall of the pelvic. It extends from the brim of the true pelvis and exits through the lesser sciatic foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the muscle group which lines the lateral walls of the true pelvis |
|
Definition
| obterator internus muscle |
|
|
Term
| which is the muscle that arises from the sacrum, passes laterally through the greater sciatic notch, and inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles make up the levator ani muscles? |
|
Definition
pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus & puborecalis muscles
(pip) |
|
|
Term
| which muscles provide primary support to the pelvic viscera and aid in the contraction of the vagina and rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles are the most posterior muscles pair of the pelvic diaphragm, which extend from the ischial spine to the sacrum & coccyx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following muscles do not lie within the true pelvis?
piriformis
levator ani
iliacus
obturator internus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm? |
|
Definition
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
puborectalis
coccygeus |
|
|
Term
| collectively what do we call the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus and the puborectalis muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic spaces is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the different pelvic spaces |
|
Definition
space of retzius
anterior cul-de-sac
posterior cul-de-sac |
|
|
Term
| what is space of retzius aka? |
|
Definition
| pre-vesical or retropubic space |
|
|
Term
| where is the space of retzius located? what is it filled with? |
|
Definition
| this space separates the anterior bladder wall from the symphysis pubis and is filled with extraperiotoneal fat |
|
|
Term
| how will the bladder be displaced if there is a mass in the space of retzius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the anterior cul-de-sac / vesicouterine pouch located at? |
|
Definition
| anterior to the lower uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| posterior cul-de-sac is aka? |
|
Definition
rectouterine pouch
or
pouch of douglas |
|
|
Term
| where is the posterior cul-de-sac / rectouterine pouch / pouch of douglas located? |
|
Definition
| posterior to the cervix and anterior to the rectum. |
|
|
Term
| what forms the lateral boundaries of the posterior cul-de-sac space? |
|
Definition
| the utero-sacral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| which is the most common location among the pelvic space where free peritoneal fluid is noted sonographically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 other names for the psoterior cul-de-sac? |
|
Definition
pouch of douglas
rectouterine pouch |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the vesicouterine pouch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what pelvic space do we see fluid in more often? |
|
Definition
posterior cul-de-sac
pouch of douglas
rectouterine pouch |
|
|
Term
| what are the pelvic organs? |
|
Definition
bladder
ovaries
vagina
uterus
fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
| What is a muscular sac that receives and stores urine produced by the kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ureters insert in the bladder? |
|
Definition
| in the inferior third of the osterior wall on either side |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior concavity of the bladder called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior wall area defined by the orifices of the 2 ureters and the urethra in the bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the walls of the bladder composed of? |
|
Definition
inner mucosa
muscularis
submucosa
outer serosa |
|
|
Term
| where does the urethra arise? at this pointit is surrounded by thickened region of bladder wall called? |
|
Definition
along the inferior middle portion of the bladder
internal urethral sphincter |
|
|
Term
| the bladder is _____, _____ whose size depends on the ____ of contained urine |
|
Definition
| hollow, symmetric, quantity |
|
|
Term
| what is the wall normal measurement of a distended bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the bladder considered adequately full for trans abd ultrasound? |
|
Definition
| the bladder is adequately full for trans abd pelvic ultrasound when the dome of the bladder extends above the fundus of the uterus |
|
|
Term
| when is the bladder too full? |
|
Definition
| if the uterus looks flattened |
|
|
Term
| How are the ovaries shaped and what does it measure in a menarcheal female? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ovaries lie? where are they usually located? |
|
Definition
on the posterior surface of the broad ligament
usually located medial to the external iliac vessels and anterior to the internal iliac vessels, with the internal iliac vein being the closest |
|
|
Term
| what are the only organs in the abdomino-pelvic cavity that is not lined by visceral peritoneum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the outer layer of the ovaries called? what do they contain? |
|
Definition
cortex
contains a large number of primordial follicles, the source of eggs at ovulation |
|
|
Term
| what is the inner layer of the ovaries called? what does it contain |
|
Definition
medulla
essentially the blood vessels and connective tissues |
|
|
Term
| where is the hilum of the ovary, through which channel the ovarian vessels and nerves situated? |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of each ovary |
|
|
Term
| where does both the suspensory ligament of the ovary and the fimbriae of the fallopian tube attach to each ovary? |
|
Definition
| superior surface of each ovary |
|
|
Term
| what does the ovaries produce? |
|
Definition
the ovum
2 hormones - estrogen & progestrone |
|
|
Term
| what secrets the estrogen & progestrone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hormones (estrogen and progestrone) responsible for? |
|
Definition
| producing and maintaining secondary gender characeristics, preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum and development of the mammary glands in the female |
|
|
Term
| what is the size & volume of the ovaries during premenopausal? |
|
Definition
3.5 x 2.0 x 1.5 cm
5.1 cm3 - 3.2cm3 |
|
|
Term
| what is the size & volume of the ovaries during postmenopausal? |
|
Definition
2.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 0.5 cm
1.3 cm3 |
|
|
Term
| what is the formula for ovarian volume? |
|
Definition
| length x width x AP (in cm) x 0.523 |
|
|
Term
| what is a muscular tube approx 7-10 cm in length, extending from the external genitalia to the cervix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the distal ortion of the birth canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vaginal canal composed of? |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle, elastic connective tissue and stratified squamous epithelium which line the inner surface |
|
|
Term
| the vaigna angle towards the _____ always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the upper portion of the vagina attache to? |
|
Definition
| cervix approx half way up |
|
|
Term
| what does a ring like blind pouch which surrounds the cervix known as? what is it categorized as? |
|
Definition
the vaginal fornix
categorized as - posterior fornix
anterior fornix
lateral fornix |
|
|
Term
| what is a pear shaed muscular structure suspended by ligaments, and normally located in the mid sagittal plane in the true pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the uterus bordered? |
|
Definition
| anteriorly by the urinary bladder, and posteriorly by the rectosigmoid colon & rectum |
|
|
Term
| how is the uterus divided into? |
|
Definition
fundus
body
isthmus
cervix |
|
|
Term
what is the uterine length and AP measurement for 2-8 years old kid?
9- menarche
nulliparous
multiparous
postmenopausal |
|
Definition
33mm x 7.5mm
43 mm x 13 mm
80 mm x 30 mm
90 mm x 40 mm
varied - based on parity |
|
|
Term
| what is the widest and most superior portion of the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the lateral border of the fundus are the _______ where the fallopian tubes enter the uterine cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the body of the uterus aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest part of the uterus and contains the uterine cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ of the uterus is predominantly muscular and widens superiorly as the fundus, above the insertion of the fallopian tubes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the portion of the uterus between the body and the cervix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the isthmus called in a gravid patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located posterior to the angle of the bladder, and is comprised predominately of collagenous and elastic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is more fibrous and less muscular than the body of the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cervix is _____ than the uterine body
what does the cervix measure in length in the nulliparous female? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the mucosal lined cervical canal extend from to where? |
|
Definition
| the mucosal lined cervical canal continues with the uterine cavity and extends 2-4 cm from the internal os (or opening) and joins the endomerial canal to the external os which projects into the vaginal vault |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the uterus? |
|
Definition
mucosa (endometerium)
muscularies (myometrium)
serosa (perimetrium) |
|
|
Term
| what is the innermost ining of the uterus, which lines the cavity of the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what varies in thickness in the pre-menopausal woman during the different stages of the menstrual cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 layers of the endometrium? |
|
Definition
superficial or functional
deep or basal |
|
|
Term
| this layer increases in size during the menstrual cycle and partially sloughs off at menses and are vascularized by the spiral arteries in the endometrium |
|
Definition
| superficial or functional |
|
|
Term
| this layer is not significantly influenced by the menstrual cycle in the endometrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is and extremely thick, homogeneous smooth muscle layer that is continuous with that of the fallopian tubes and vagina in the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer in the uterus extends into the ovarian and round ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common position of the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe anteverted uterus |
|
Definition
| in the presence of an empty urinary bladder, the fundus bends forward and tips anteriorly and rests over the lower uterine segment |
|
|
Term
| if the body and fundus of the uterus are bent at a greater anterior angle until the fundus is pointing inferiorly and resting on the cervix, this position is called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the body and fundus are tipped posteriorly with a ________ uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the body and fundus are bent at a greater posterior angle until the fundus is pointing inferiorly adjacent to the cervix, this position is called ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are coiled, muscular tubes that extend from the uterine cornu laterally and open into the peritoneal cavity at their lateral end |
|
Definition
| fallopian tubes, or oviducts |
|
|
Term
| What is the length and diameter of the fallopian tubes? |
|
Definition
7-12 cm long
1-4mm diameter |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 anatomic portions? |
|
Definition
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
interstitial or intramural |
|
|
Term
| the lateral segment that is often referred to as the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube because it contains fringelike extensions called fimbriae, which move over the ovary and directs the egg into the fallopian tube after ovulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The middle segment and the longest, most coiled portion of the fallopian tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this lumen portion of the fallopian tube gradually increases in diameter to terminate as the trumpet shaped infundibulum, opening into the peritoneal cavity. this is the area where fertilization of the egg most often occurs becuase it is the most distensible region of the tube. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this portion of the fallopian tube is the narrowest portion where the tube is contained within the cornu of the uterus |
|
Definition
| interstitial or intramural |
|
|
Term
| where does the fallopian tube lie and what is its function? |
|
Definition
| lie within the broad ligament and provide nutrients for the ova and sperm |
|
|
Term
| what part of the fallopian tube is adjacent to the ovary? |
|
Definition
| the infundibulum or fimbria |
|
|
Term
| how do you measure an ovary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which major branches of the blood vessel provide blood supply to the pelvic viscera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the _____ |
|
Definition
| right and left common iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| the common iliac arteries bifurcates to form the |
|
Definition
| external and internal iliac arteries |
|
|
Term
| The external iliac arteries course throught the _____ pelvis, adjacent to the ______ muscle, and exit the pelvis through the _____ canals at the level of the _____ ligament |
|
Definition
| false, psoas, femoral, inguinal |
|
|
Term
| How does the internal iliac arteries course? what do they divide into? |
|
Definition
| the internal iliac arteries dive deep into the pelvis and divide into anterior and posterior trunks |
|
|
Term
| What are the branches that arise from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery? |
|
Definition
| obturator, umbilical and superior vesicle, inferior vesicle, uterine, vaginal, inferior gluteal |
|
|
Term
| Where does the uterine artery course? |
|
Definition
| the uterine artery crosses the ureters on each side and at the cervix ascends the lateral aspect of the uterus within the broad ligament |
|
|
Term
| what anastomoses with the ovarian artery? at what location? which is the major supplier of the blood to the uterus? |
|
Definition
| the uterine artery anastomoses with the ovarian artery at the uterine cornu however the uterine artery is the major supplier of blood to the uterus |
|
|
Term
| as the uterine artery ascends the lateral uterus, multiple branches penerate the uterine wall and divide into - |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior arcuate arteries |
|
|
Term
| What does the arcuate arteres give rise to and what organs does it supply? |
|
Definition
| the arcuates then give rise to numerous radial arteries and supply the deeper layers of the myometrium and the endometerium |
|
|
Term
| the uterine artery comes directly from what vessel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the right and left gonadal veins empty the blood? |
|
Definition
right empties into the IVC
left gonadal vein empties into the left renal vein |
|
|
Term
| what wave form is seen in uterine doppler? |
|
Definition
high velocity
high resistance flow |
|
|
Term
| in which phase is a higher resistance flow seen |
|
Definition
| in the proliferative phase than in the luteal phase |
|
|
Term
| during which age is a higher resistance flow seen |
|
Definition
| higher resistance in post menopausal women rather than a women in the reproductive age |
|
|
Term
| in the follicular phase how is the flow doppler? |
|
Definition
| flow is often low velocity and high resistance |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the impedance during peri ovulatory phase and luteal phase |
|
Definition
| drops dramatically on the side with the dominant follicle |
|
|
Term
| what is the resistive index in post meopausal women and with increasing age |
|
Definition
|
|
