Term
| Difference between ultrasound and diathermy |
|
Definition
| electromagnetic energy travels through a vacuum, ultrasound energy relies on molecular collision for energy transmission |
|
|
Term
| 2 parts of the ultrasonic beam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the therapeutic effects of ultrastound take place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as the US wave frequency increases, what happens to the wavelength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the intensity of the ultrasonic beam is much more uniform in which field |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-thermal (mechanical) effects of ultrasound |
|
Definition
| stable cavitation, microstreaming |
|
|
Term
| formation of microbubbles in tissue which expand and contract at the same frequency of the acoustic waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formation of microbubbles in tissue which expand and contract (at the same frequency of the acoustic waves) and are nonimplosive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-thermal mechanical effects of US: what is microstreaming caused by |
|
Definition
| non-implosive repetitive pulsations of stable cavitation |
|
|
Term
| the minute flow of fluid into the vicinity of pulsating bubbles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the higher the resonant frequency, the faster the rate of absorption by what tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lower the resonant frequency the rate absorption of is faster for what tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Mhz of US resonant frequency will penetrate how deeply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 Mhz of US energy will penetrate how deep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mode of US delivery would be used for thermal effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mode of US delivery would be used for mechanical effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is power of US determined? |
|
Definition
| intensity x transducer size |
|
|
Term
| determine the power of the following US: 10cm^2 transducer 2 W/cm^2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the duty cycle is only used for which mode of US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is duty cycle determined? |
|
Definition
| (power on/(power on+power off)) |
|
|
Term
| how is temporal average intensity determined? |
|
Definition
| pulse average intensity x duty cycle |
|
|
Term
| use of a pharmacological agent in addition to US coupling agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft tissue restrictions and shortening, subacute and chronic inflammation, musculoskeletal pain associated with muscle spasms, wound healing |
|
|
Term
| US contraindications (11) |
|
Definition
| tx near a pacemaker, uterus of a pregnant woman, near a tumor (malignant or benign), near suspected thrombophelbitis, active infection, areas of active bleeding or potential for hemorrhage, epiphyseal plates in skeletally immature individuals, over the heart, over vertebral bodies, over the eyes ear genetilia, over superficial metal implants |
|
|
Term
| US Intensity for thermal effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US intensity for mechanical effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US frequency for deep tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US frequency for superficial tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duty cycle for thermal effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| duty cycle for mechanical effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US time for thermal effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US time for mechanical effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laser is an abbreviation for what |
|
Definition
| Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
|
|
Term
| fundamental properties of laser light |
|
Definition
| monochromatic, collimated, coherent |
|
|
Term
| Laser light: monochromatic |
|
Definition
| all photons have a single, specific wavelength, thus one color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little divergence of the light |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for therapeutic massage: coherent |
|
Definition
| all photons travel in the same wavelength or phase and in the same direction |
|
|
Term
| Laser light: temporal coherence |
|
Definition
| all photons travel in the same wavelength or phase |
|
|
Term
| Laser light: travel in the same direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic laser is found in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Importance of monochromatic light for therapeutic laser treatment |
|
Definition
| absorption can be targeted to specific wave-length dependent chromophores |
|
|
Term
| importance of laser light being collimated and coherent for therapeutic reasons |
|
Definition
| specifically direct to a very small target |
|
|
Term
| form of laser therapy where there is no significant heat produces and seen therapeutically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 basic components of laser devices |
|
Definition
| active medium, the resonance chamber, energy source |
|
|
Term
| active medium for HeNe lasers |
|
Definition
| energy transfer from an excited helium to neon through the process of collision |
|
|
Term
| resonance chamber for HeNe laser |
|
Definition
| a sealed glass tube with fully reflective and a semireflective/semipermeable mirro at both sides housing the HeNe mixture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical current passing through the gas mixture |
|
|
Term
| GaAS/GaAlAs laser active medium |
|
Definition
| combination of elements gallium and arsenide, sometimes including aluminium at the diode |
|
|
Term
| GaAS/GaAlAs laser resonance chamber |
|
Definition
| gap between the positive material and the negative material surrounded by reflective material |
|
|
Term
| GaAS/GaAlAs laser energy source |
|
Definition
| electrical current passing throug the p-n junction |
|
|
Term
| Direct laser penetration: GaAs and GaAlAs lasers penetrae how deeply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct Laser Penetration: How deep do HeNe lasers penetrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect laser penetration: How deep do HeNe lasers penetrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indirect laser penetration: How deep do GaAs and GaAlAs lasers penetrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main therapeutic effects of LLLT |
|
Definition
| tissue healing and pain management via photobiomodulation |
|
|
Term
| Which laser type provides a continuous wave form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whish laser type delivers a pulsed wave form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft tissue heailng, wound care, pain |
|
|
Term
| Contraindicaitons for laser therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a physical therapist selects a therapeutic ultrasound generator with a frequency of 3.0 MHz. Which condition would most warrant the use of this frequency |
|
Definition
| Anterior talofibular ligament sprain |
|
|
Term
| A physical therapist uses a 3.0 MHz ultrasound beam at 1.5 W/cm2 to treat a patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. The majority of ultrasound energy will be absorbed within a dpeth of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient is treated used pulse wave ultrasound at 1.2 W/cm2 for seven minutes. The specific parameters of the pulsed wave are 2 msec on time and 8 msec off time for one pulse period. THe duty cycle should be recorded as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A PT administers US over a ptnt's anterior thigh. After 1 minute the patient reports a slight burning sensation under the soundhead. The therapist's most appopriate action is to... |
|
Definition
| temporarily discontinue treatment and examine the amount of coupling agent utilized |
|
|
Term
| A patient reports significant discomfort in the lower leg during ultrasound treatment. The therapist believes the discomfort is casued by periosteal pain from the US. Which scenario is most likely associated with with the patient's subjective report of discomfort? |
|
Definition
| An ultrasound unit with a high beam non-uniformity ratio |
|
|
Term
| US frequency for depper absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| US frequency for superficial tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
