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| government by the people, both directly, indirectly, with free and frequent elections |
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| a procedure for submitting to popular vote measures proposed by legislature and amendments to state constitution |
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| the principle of a two house legislature |
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| God's or nature's law that defines right from wrong is higher than human law |
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| the power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the US Constitution or state constitution |
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| a court order directing an official to perform an official duty |
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| presidential refusal to allow an agency to spend funds that Congress authorized and appropriated |
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| legislators' per day allowance covering room and board expenses while on state business |
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| biennial 140 day session, begins in January on odd numbered years |
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| special or called session (Texas) |
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| up to 30 day session called by the governor |
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| the minimum number required to conduct business in a legislative body |
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| powers explicitly given to congress in the Constitution |
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| the procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters |
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| the presidents authority to control most executive functions (article II of the Constitution) |
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| formal agreement between the president and leaders of other nations (does not require senate approval) |
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| formal agreement between the president and leaders of other nations (does require senate approval) |
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| congressional-executive agreement |
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| formal agreement between the president and leaders of other nations (requires approval by both houses of Congress) |
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| if the congress adjourns during the 10 day period in which a bill must be signed, the president may veto by doing nothing |
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| presidents must take care that laws are faithfully executed, even if they disagree with the purpose of the laws (article II, section 3) |
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| formal document explaining why the president is signing a bill, may contain objections and promises not to implement key sections |
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| presidential power to remove specific items from a spending bill without vetoing the whole bill |
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| a president's claim of broad public support |
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| rise in presidential approval following a crisis (i.e. 9/11, Katrina) |
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| independent regulatory commission |
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| agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by congress |
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| federal statute barring government employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds |
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| a dispute growing out of an actual case or controversy that is capable of settlement by legal methods |
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| court order requiring explanation as to why a person is being detained |
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| formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court |
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| petition which allows a party to file "as a pauper" and avoid paying court fees |
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| "friend of the court" brief |
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| the rule of precedent, whereby a rule or law contained in a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges when the same question is posed |
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| new trial, as necessary for an appeal from a court which is not a court of record |
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| segregation imposed by law |
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| segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice |
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| an economic theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes stating that government spending should increase during economic slumps and decrease during booms |
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| health insurance for the elderly and disabled |
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| health insurance for low-income people |
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