Term
|
Definition
| Gray-colored card which uniformly reflects 18% of the light which falls upon it; can be used as a reference to set the camera exposure or to calibrate a light meter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changing the Indicated Exposure by adjusting for a different shutter speed or aperture given the situation or desired outcome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light reading changed based on your situation and surrounding lighting, to create ideal photo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The size of the opening of the lens, which controls the amount of light let in. Also controls depth of field; shallow (F1.4), great (F32).
Standard F-stops:
1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Documentary photography in New York City. She did the photograph of the creepy child holding the grenade. Liked to photograph weird looking people, or make normal people look weird. 1923-1971, NY, USA.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka ISO. Describes film's sensitivity to light. The higher the number the less light it needs for a correct exposure. Lower ISO numbers generally result in clearer pictures; the higher the number the "grainer" the photograph looks. |
|
|
Term
| Atmospheric/Aerial Perspective |
|
Definition
| The perception of less distinct contours and value contrasts as forms recede into the background. Colors appear to be washed out in the distance or take on the color of the atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Did the collection "American West" portraits. He decontextualized portraits, and displayed them in LARGE scale. Also "Power". Often used 8x10 camera. 1923-2004, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exposure meter where the indicated exposure is based in an average of all the light values in the frame, not just the center point. |
|
|
Term
| Aziz, Anthony & Sammy Cuchar |
|
Definition
| Aziz & Cuchar have worked in many media including digital photography, video installation, sculpture, and textiles. They were among the first to use Photoshop in the context of fine art photography. The resulting series of images ("Dystopia"; skin over orifices) can be seen as a commentary and reflection on the relationship between the human body and the technological forces that shape our society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Photographed in her affluent community; documentary-ish large scale images. Look candid, but staged. 1945, NYC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Photographed his parents (bloody fights, alcoholic father). Candid family photos. Began as painter. 1970, England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a chosen object is out of focus, which gives the idea/portrayal of motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bracketing helps when you are not sure about the exposure. To bracket, you make several photographs of the same scene, increasing and decreasing exposure by shooting with different shutter speeds and aperture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Known for her creation of "The Human Race Machine" & work in morphing technology. "First Beauty Composite", "Warheads", "Adrogeny", etc. 1948, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process. C-41 is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this developmental process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-portraits; role reversal. Public identity & notions of gender. 1894-1954, France. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He did photo collections of his wife Eleanor, and his daughter. He was trying to portray "what a woman is" and how she changes over time. He did many nudes of his wife. 1912-1999. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coined the term "the decisive moment". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trained as painter; grids. Very large scale photos of himself. Uses many different mediums. Neutral expressions; about "looking" (vs. emotion). 1940, WA, US. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interpretation of a photograph. What it might mean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where you see the image; in a newspaper, gallery, or book. Alters the experience and relationship the viewer has with the photograph. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A subtle method of unifying a work involves the continuation of line, edge, or direction from one area to another. Ex: The Pastry Chef's large belly and his mixing bowl. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fictional portraits. Digital twins/dopplegangers. 1965, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Curved, natural looking lines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perfect moment to shoot; composition and action come together. Term coined by Cartier-Bresson. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The facts of a photograph; what everyone can see. What is in the photo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Range in focus. Controlled by aperture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Awkward transitional teens ("The Beach Series"; used flash despite daylight). 1959, Dutch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ratios of aperture and shutter speed. Certain ratios are equal to each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed of a lens and how "fast" it is refers to the maximum aperture of the lens. The larger the maximum aperture the faster the lens is. They are especially useful when you need both a fast shutter speed in low light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This refers to the ISO or ASA. It is how sensitive a certain film or your camera's sensor is to light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of perspective to represent the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends backwards from the picture plane at an angle approaching the perpendicular. Ex: Uncle Sam's arm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "The Americans", 1950s. Cross-section of American life. (Black lady & baby) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Raised by Wolves", drunk person on sidewalk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Ballad of Sexual Dependency". She used her camera to create a visual diary of her life; often relating to LGBT community and drug users. She considered her friends to be her family. Didn't see daylight for 20 years; most photos have incandescent light. Presented as a slideshow in gallery, like at family functions. 1953, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All of the scene is in focus. Small aperture; high F-stop number (ex: F22). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Born 1937, English. Composite photography; took smaller images to create a "whole". Often polaroids. Different perspectives/passing of time to create the whole reflects the way human vision works - your mind puts it together. 1937, England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conveys the feeling of space and depth within a photograph. This can be done with size, overlapping, fore/mid/background, perspective, one/two pt. perspective, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ex: things in a row that crate a "line". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures the amount of light falling on the subject (vs. light reflected off, like light meters in our cameras). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indication of correct exposure from camera light meter when proper aperture/shutter speed combination is used. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Born 1949, USA. Portrait photographer for Rolling Stone and Vanity Fair. Last person to photograph John Lennon alive; controversial photos of Miley Cyrus; Queen Elizabeth. 1949, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lens of longer focal length than normal that takes a very narrow view and gives a large image from a distance. With long lenses you can give your subjects more space in situations where you don't want distractions. Ex: telephoto lens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex, subtle digital manipulation; her own paintings as backgrounds (creepy kids with big heads). 1969, E. Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "At Twelve", "Immediate Family". 8x10 camera. 1951, Virginia, US. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Played with self identity/gender/race. Work often addresses cultural displacement. Also self-portraits of traces left behind on the landscape. 1948-1985, Cuban-American. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double exposures; shifts in time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constructed identities; played with gender roles in public spaces. Eastern mythologies & western culture. Ex: Futuristic flight attendant. 1967, Japan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Environmental portraits that hint to people's professions; ex: painter in front of canvas, Georgia O'Keefe in front of canvas, guy and piano. 1918-2006, NY, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large format camera. "The Brown Sisters"; how their relationships and physicality changes over time. Also "Old People"; "Pictures from Home". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Closest to how the eye sees. 50mm for 35mm camera. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colors suggesting coolness: blue, green and violet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opening up the aperture larger, aka stopping down (ex: F8 to F5.6). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From LGBT community. Challenges "normal". Butch lesbian with a house and family carved into her back; butch woman breastfeeding ("Madonna"). 1961, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colors suggesting warmth: red, yellow and orange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device for creating an illusion of depth in which some shapes are in front of and partially hide/obscure others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stare at black dot, american flag thing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moving the camera with a subject in motion so the background is blurred and the subject is in focus; emphasizing speed and movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anything repeated in a predictable combination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) In color, the adjective used to describe the fact that, when different hues of colored pigment are combined, the resulting mixture is lower in key than the original hues and duller as well, and as more and more hues are added, the resulting mixture is closer and closer to black |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decontextualized subjects; traveled a lot. Often criticized for his decontextualization because it further made his subjects seem like the "other". Pays attention to shape/space. 1917-2009, NY, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A perceived line created through a glance or something pointing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portrait of Duchamp. Self-portraits, played with gender. Surrealist. 1890-1976, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Straight lines; implies human-made. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In color, the adjective used to describe the fact that, when different hues of colored light are combined, the resulting mixture is higher in key than the original hues and brighter as well and as more and more hues are added, the resulting mixture is closer to white. 2) In sculpture, an adjective used to describe used to describe the process in which form is built up, shaped and englarged by the addition of materials, as distinguished from subtractive sculptural processes, such as carving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Senses light reflected off a subject (vs. light falling on a subject). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emotionless portraits related to German police methods. Look like passport photos. 1958, Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lightness or darkness of a hue or neutral color. A value scale shows the range of value from black to white |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The image is divided into thirds horizontally and vertically, and the intersections of these points are powerful places for focal points. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "People of the 20th Century"; photographed people of different professions. Was stopped at one point during WWII because not all his subjects were arian. 1876-1964, Germany. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Series about adolescence; candid-ish. 1958, France. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The hues that in theory cannot be created from a mixture of other hues and from which all other hues are created - namely, in pigment, red, yellow, and blue, and in light, they are red-orange, green and blue-violet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something in the middleground is in focus. Large aperture/small F-stop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreground is in focus. Large aperture/small F-stop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of most successful photographers. Photographs herself in various roles. "Untitled Film Stills"/B-list actress; Society Portraits/California Women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three hues from equal distance from each other on color wheel: Red, yellow Blue - Green, Orange, Violet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broader range of vision, but appears further away (vs. telephoto/long lens). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A color scheme involving the use of only one hue that can vary in value or intensity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Device in the camera that opens and closes to expose the sensor or film to light for a measured length of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A color scheme consisting of or limited to adjacent hues on the color wheel, usually within the scope of a primary through one of its related secondaries such as blue, blue-green and green |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colors opposite another on the color wheel. Red/Green, Blue/Orange, Yellow/Violet. When one stare at color for a sustained period of time then looks at a while surface, an afterimage of the complementary color will appear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The length of time that the shutter is open. Standard shutter speeds:
4s, 2s, 1s, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000.
Then: 2000, 4000, 8000, 1500, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the name of color (eg: red, yellow, blue, orange) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Always self-portraits. "Art is entertainment". Constructed identities: Man in drag, Marilyn Monroe w/ penis. 1951, Japan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You set the shutter speed, and the camera automatically sets the aperture for the correct exposure. This setting is ideal if you want to capture a fast-moving subject. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contorted pepper, women in oval shape. 1886-1958, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Objects that are closest in a photograph appear to be largest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image. Visual literacy is based on the idea that pictures can be “read” and that meaning can be communicated through a process of reading. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed of a lens and how "fast" it is refers to the maximum aperture of the lens. The smaller the maximum aperture the slower the lens is. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spatial device in which elevation on the page indicates a recession into depth. The higher an object, the farther back it is assumed to be. |
|
|
Term
| Standard Apertures/F-Stops |
|
Definition
| 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system to show 3D objects on a 2D surface. The illusion of space and volume utilizes two vanishing points on the horizon line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Father of American photography", was married to Georgia O'Keefe - focused on her hands a lot. 1864-1946, USA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Children of Bad Memories", rape children & mothers of Rwanda. Started a foundation for them. 1960s, Israel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One F-stop or shutter speed to another (up/down; faster/slower). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The surface quality of materials, either actual (tactile) or implied (visual). It is one of the elements of art. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast shutter speed that freezes action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opposite of "Open Up"; move from a larger to a smaller F-stop (from a smaller to a larger aperture). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way that you arrange things/photos changes their meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pictures from home/his father's forced retirement. Also "The Valley" project, the non-porn aspects of porn sets. 1976-2009, US. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When two halves of a composition correspond to one another in terms of size, shape, and placement. These halves reflect each other perfectly across a vertical axis. |
|
|
