Term
| Name some of the conditions and considerations when growing bacteria |
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Definition
| moisture, temperature, pH, nutrients (organic and inorganic), ossmotic pressure, atmosphere (gases, pressure etc) |
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Term
| What are the five phases of a bacterial growth curve |
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Definition
| Innoculation, lag (adaptive) phase, log (exponetial/growth) phase, stationary phase, decline (death phase) |
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Term
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Definition
| a special growth chamber that maintains the exponential phase by supplementing nutrients and filtering off waste |
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Term
| How would you count the number of cells present |
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Definition
| direct smear or counting chamber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Spread plate, Pour plate, Miles-Misra (from 5 drops), Membrane filtration (then culture membrane) |
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Term
| What other methods are there for counting bacteria |
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Definition
| Opacity tubes (McFarlands tubes as reference for total cell count), electronic count (total cell count) |
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Term
| What is a chemotroph and what types are there |
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Definition
| A chemotroph gets the energy it needs from the chemicals in its environment as opposed to the sun, chemoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs |
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Term
| What are the main features of a chemoautotroph |
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Definition
| Obtains energy from using chemicals as an energy source as aside from the sun, can synthesise all the parts it needs from carbon found in the environment |
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Term
| What are the main features of a chemoheterotroph |
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Definition
| Obtains energy from using chemicals as an energy source as aside from the sun, cannot synthesise all the parts it needs from carbon found in the environment, must absorb some of its organic molecules |
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Term
| What are some of the nutrients needed by chemoheterotrophs |
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Definition
| peptones source of peptides, amino acids, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, iron, magesium, potassium |
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Term
| What is sulphate needed for by bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What is phosphate needed for |
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Definition
| nucleic acids and certain energy metabolites |
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Term
| Name four co factors for bacterial enzymes |
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Definition
| Calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| body temperature, (20-45 *C) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What determines ossmotic pressure needed |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria in Hypotonic solution |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria in hypertonic solution |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of a bacteria which prefers hypertonic |
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Definition
| staphlycoccus aureus prefers 7.5% NaCl |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can grow with or without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| can only grow without oxygen (fermentors!) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do you incubate anaerobes |
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Definition
| jar with special envelope (add H2O => H2 and CO2 released => H2 binds O2), light a candle (less precise), ascorbic acid |
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Term
| How do you incubate capnophiles |
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Definition
| special envelope in a jar |
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Term
| Short term preservation of bacteria |
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Definition
| sub culturing, risk of contamination and mutation |
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Term
| Long term preservation of bacteria |
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Definition
| freeze drying (lyophilization), liquid nitrogen (-190 *C), freezing (-70 *C) |
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Term
| What important consideration is there when freeze drying (lyophilization) |
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Definition
| Needs to be in a vacum to avoid cell lyses during dessication |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol |
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Term
| What temperature should bacteria not be stored at long term |
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Definition
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Term
| What state should bacteria be in for long term storage |
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Definition
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Term
| Something obvious enough and important when selecting bacteria for long term storage |
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Definition
| use younger cultures! They do better |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibition and sterilisation |
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Term
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Definition
| refridgeration, freezing, boiling, pasteurisation, acidification, osmotic pressure increase (sugar or salting), vacum packs (only aerobes), irradiation |
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Term
| Short term refridgeration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| autoclave, dry heat, incineration, gamma radiation, flaming, UV light, membrane filtration |
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Term
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Definition
| moist heat, 15 min at 121*C or 45 min at 115*C |
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Term
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Definition
| oven, 1-2 hours at 160 *C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Gamma irradiation is not suitable for what |
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Definition
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Term
| What is important to remember about UV light as a sterilisation technique |
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Definition
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Term
| What size membrane is needed for membrane filtration |
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Definition
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