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Definition
| Favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people |
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Definition
| Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries |
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Definition
| An economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property |
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Definition
| A person who opposes all forms of government |
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Term
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Definition
| Two Italian men were arrested and charged with the robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard. Witnesses said that the criminals were Italian. The two guys provided alibis, but the judge made prejudicial remarks and the jury sentenced them to death. |
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Definition
| A system that sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year |
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Term
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Definition
| New leader of the United Mine Workers of America |
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Term
| Summarize how Americans reacted to the perceived threat of communism |
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Definition
| There was a large panic in the US. It began with the Red Scare, which was when Russian revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the czarist regime. Lenin and his followers established a new Communist state. After a bunch of bombs were mailed to government and business leaders, the public got scared that the Communists were taking over. Next were the Palmer Raids which were when Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover tried to hunt down Communists, Socialists, and anarchists. Hundreds of foreign-born radicals were deported without trials. Finally, the Sacco and Vanzetti situation. |
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Term
| Describe some of the postwar conflicts between labor and management |
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Definition
| The conflict was severe. In 1919, there were more than 3,000 strikes where about 4 million workers left. First came The Boston Police Strike, which was when some policemen were fired after asking for a raise, and the remaining officers went on strike. Next was The Steel Mill Strike, which was when workers wanted to negotiate hours and wages, and the US Steel Corporation didn't meet with the union. 300,000 workers left, and strikebreakers were hired. Striking workers were beaten by Law Enforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages |
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Term
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Definition
| A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during Prohibition |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the US during Prohibition |
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Term
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Definition
| A Protestant religious movement grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the Bible are literlly true |
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Term
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Definition
| Famous trial lawyer to defend John T. Scopes in the Scopes Trial |
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Term
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Definition
| A 1925 Court Case in which the biology teacher John T. Scopes was tried for challenging a Tennessee law that outlawed the teaching of evolution |
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Definition
| American pilot who made the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic |
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Term
| Explain how city life often clashed with the values of traditional rural society |
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Definition
| First was the new urban scene. Over 65 cities had populations over 100,000. It was difficult for small-towners to adapt to the new urban environment. Next came Prohibition,the illegality of alcohol. However, Prohibition caused speakeasies and bootleggers to be around a lot. Also there was a great disrespect for the law. Finally, organized crime ran rampant. Al Capone was the gangster who took control of the Chicago crime world. |
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Term
| Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s |
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Definition
| One controversy was Fundamentalism. Evolution was tought in the South and West. The Scopes Trial was the case that made it illegal to teach evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the free-thinking young women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women |
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Term
| Explain how the image of the flapper reflected the changing values and attitudes of young women in the 1920s |
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Definition
| Women started to dress differently, wearing things like short dresses and cutting and dying their hair. They started to smoke, drink, and talk about sex. However, because of the double standard, many women jumped back and forth between old standards and new ones. |
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Term
| Identify the causes and results of the changing roles of women in the 1920s |
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Definition
| Women had new work opportunities. By 1930, 10 million women were working, however few ever got managerial positions. The birthrate declined during this time, mostly because of birth control. Many innovations made products that simplified household labor and life. Many women now focused their attention on their homes, children and pastimes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flowering of African-American artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem community of NYC. |
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Term
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Definition
| Believed that African Americans should build a separate society. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movements best-known poet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major dramatic actor. Performed in Shakespeare's Othello |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A famous jazz pianist and composer |
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Definition
| Famous female blues singer |
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Term
| Identify the causes and results of the migration of African Americans from the South to Northern cities in the early 1900s |
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Definition
| Blacks were trying to escape racial violence, such as lynching. They just wanted a better lifestyle for themselves. |
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Term
| Describe the prolific African-American artistic activity that became known as the Harlem Renaissance |
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Definition
| It was led by well-educated, middle-class blacks. It was a literary movement, a musical movement, a performing arts movement, among other artistic things. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maintenance of a price at a certain level through government intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| An arrangment in which a buyer pays later for a purchase, often on an installment plan with interest charges |
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Term
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Definition
| Democrat who ran against Herbert Hoover in the election of 1928 |
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Term
| Dow Jones Industrial Average |
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Definition
| A measure based on the prices of the stocks of 30 large companies, widely used as a barometer of the stock market's health. |
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Term
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Definition
| An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit |
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Term
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Definition
| The purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest |
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Term
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Definition
| When the stock market crashed |
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Term
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Definition
| A period in which the US economy was in severe decline and millions of Americans were unemployed |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that established the highest protective tariff in US history, worsening the depression in America and abroad |
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Term
| Summarize the problems threatening the American economy in the late 1920s |
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Definition
| While some got rich, many could not earn a living. Industries struggled, and farmers had an overflow of crops. Customers had less money to spend, so they started to live on credit. Finally, there was an uneven distribution of income (the richer got richer and the poorer got poorer) |
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Term
| Describe the causes of the stock market crash and the Great Depression |
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Definition
| People were very optimistic about the market, but because of that, people were engaging in speculation and buying on margin. |
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Term
| Explain how the Great Depression affected the US and the world economy |
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Definition
| Europe also suffered a depression during WW2. Nations couldn't pay off war debts, and Germany had to pay war reparations. The US depression made it difficult for America to import and export American goods. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neighborhood in which people live in makeshift shacks |
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Term
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Definition
| A place where free or low cost food is served to the needy |
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Term
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Definition
| A line of people waiting for free food |
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Term
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Definition
| The region that was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s |
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Term
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Definition
| The giving of money or food by the government directly to needy people |
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Term
| Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression |
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Definition
| People lost their jobs, were evicted from their homes, others built shacks and lived in shantytowns, and people went to soup kitchens and waited in bread lines. Thousands of farmers lost their land and turned to tenant living, and the Dust Bowl wreaked havoc among farmers. The only "good thing" that came out of this was that farmers could grow their own food. |
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Term
| Explain how the Depression affected men, women, and children |
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Definition
| Many men walked the streets in search for a job, and it was tough on them because they were accustomed to supporting their families. Many hoboes hitched rides on railroad boxcars and wandering the country. Women worked hard to help by canning food, sewing clothes, and managing household budgets. When women tried to work outside of the house, they were ridiculed because many people did not feel that women should be working when there were unemployed men. Children had serious health problems, schools were shortened and sometimes closed, and many teenagers rode the rails. |
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Term
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Definition
| President during the Great Depression |
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Term
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Definition
| A dam on the Colorado River that was built during the Great Depression as part of a public-works program intended to stimulate business and provide jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that lowered home mortgage rates and allowed farmers to refinance their loans and avoid foreclosure |
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Term
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
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Definition
| An agency established to provide emergency financing to banks, life-insurance companies, railroads, and other large businesses |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of WW1 veterans and their families who marched on DC to demand the immediate paymen of a bonus they had been promised for military service. |
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Term
| Explain Hoover's initial response to the Depression |
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Definition
| He tried to reassure Americans that the economy was okay. He initially took cautious steps to try to not make the situation worse, but after a year, the economy was still shrinking. |
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Term
| Summarize the actions Hoover took to help the economy and ease the hardships suffered by Americans. |
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Definition
| Hoover built the Boulder Dam. The dam provided electricity and flood control, and also a regular water supply. Hoover signed the Federal Home Loan Act and started the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. |
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Term
| Describe the Bonus Army and Hoover's actions toward it |
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Definition
| The bonus was a group of veterans who demanded a bonus that they were promised for serving. Nervous that they would become violent, Hoover sent 1,000 soldiers to disband the Bonus Army. The soldiers gassed people, and some people were shot. This was a blemish on Hoover's presidency. |
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Term
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt |
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Definition
| Democratic candidate who ran against Hoover |
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Term
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Definition
| President Franklin's Roosevelt program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that established the FDIC to protect individuals' bank accounts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that required corporations to provide complete, accurate information on all stock offerings |
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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Definition
| A law that raised crops by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unplanted, thus lowering production. |
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Term
| Civilian Conservation Corps |
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Definition
| An agency that put young unemployed men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in erosion-control and flood-control projects. |
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Term
| National Industrial Recovery Act |
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Definition
| A law that established codes of fair practice for industries and to promote industrial growth |
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Term
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Definition
| A government's spending of more money than it receives in revenue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Summarize Roosevelt's first steps to reform banking and finance |
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Definition
| He created the New Deal. He passed the Glass-Steagall Act, and passed the Federal Securities Act |
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Term
| Describe New Deal work programs |
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Definition
| The Civilian Conservation Corps, and the National Industrial Recovery Act was created |
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Term
| Identify critics of Roosevelt's New Deal |
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Definition
| Liberals and Conservatives both criticized the New Deal. Some of the strongest conservative opponents formed the American Liberty League. Finally, Huey Long posed the greatest challenge to the New Deal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Works Progress Administration |
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Definition
| An agency that provided the unemployed with jobs in construction, garment making, teaching, the arts, and other fields. |
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Term
| National Youth Administration |
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Definition
| An agency that provided young Americans with aid and employment during the Great Depression |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that protected workers' rights after the Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that provided aid to retiress, the unemployed, people with disabilities, and families with dependent children |
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Term
| Describe the purpose of the second New Deal |
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Definition
| Designed to provide more extensive relief for both farmers and workers |
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Term
| Summarize the New Deal programs for farmers |
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Definition
| The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which paid farmers for cutting production or soil-depleted crops, and the second Agricultural Adjustment Act, which did not include a processing tax to pay for farm subsidies. |
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Term
| Summarize labor and economic reforms carried out under the Second New Deal |
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Definition
| The Works Progress Administration, which provided jobs to the unemployed, the National Youth Administration, which gave education and other stuff to young people. Also the Wagner Act, which protected workers' rights. Finally, the Social Security Act was passed. |
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Term
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
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Definition
| An agency that insured individuals' bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures |
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Term
| Securities and Exchange Commission |
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Definition
| An agency that monitors that stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds. |
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Term
| National Labor Relations Board |
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Definition
| Acts as a mediator in labor disputes between unions and employers |
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Term
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Definition
| A government-supported level for the prices of agricultural products, intended to keep farmers' incomes steady |
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Term
| Tennessee Valley Authority |
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Definition
| A federal corporation that constructed dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley Region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods |
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Term
| Summarize opinions about the effectiveness of the New Deal |
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Definition
| Conservatives think President's Roosevelt policies made the federal government too large and too powerful. Liberals argued that President Roosevelt didn't do enough to socialize the economy and to eliminate social and economic inequalities |
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Term
| Describe the legacies of the New Deal |
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Definition
| It expanded the role of the government in the econonmy, by creating the FDIC and the SEC. Also, Social Security still exists. |
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Term
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Definition
| A political system in which the government exercises complete control over its citizens' lives |
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Term
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Definition
| Took control over the Soviet Union after Lenin died |
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Term
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Definition
| Totalitarian leader of Italy |
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Term
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Definition
| A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator |
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Term
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Definition
| Fascist leader of Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| A political philosophy based on extremes nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism |
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Term
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Definition
| Led Spanish army officers that rebelled against the Spanish republic |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of laws to prevent US arms sales and loans to nations at war |
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Term
| Identify the types of governments that took power in Russia, Italy, Germany, and Japan after WW1 |
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Definition
| Totalitarianism, Facism, and Nazism |
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Term
| Describe the details of America's turn to isolationism the 1930s |
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Definition
| America wanted to stay neutral because people argued that we were dragged into WW1 by greedy bankers and arms dealers. The Neutrality Acts helped do that. Even though congress pushed legislation for neautrality, Roosevelt found it impossible to be neutral. |
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Term
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Definition
| British Prime Minister when Germany was invaded surrounding nations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamberlain's political rival in Great Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| An agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| A sudden, massive attack with combined air and ground forces, intended to achive a quick victory |
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Term
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Definition
| French general who fled to England and established a government-in-exile |
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Term
| Explain Hitler's motives for expansion and how Britain and France responded |
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Definition
| Hitler thought that expansion was necessary for Germany to grow and prosper. France did not have much of a chance; they were invaded by Germany and Italy. The Battle of Britain insued soon after. |
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Term
| Describe the blitzkrieg tactics that Germany used against Poland |
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Definition
| Germany just pounded Poland. They dropped bombs, used fast tanks, and crushed them quickly. |
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Term
| Summarize the first battles of WW2 |
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Definition
| Battle for France and the Battle of Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| The systematic murder of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during WW2 |
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Term
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Definition
| The night when gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious group |
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Term
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Definition
| A city neighborhood in which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live |
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Term
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Definition
| A prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered |
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Term
| Explain the reasons behing the Nazi's persecution of the Jews and the problems faced by Jewish refugees |
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Definition
| For decades, many Germans used the Jews as a scapegoat as the cause of their failures. Not all refugees were let into surrounding nations, for example the US only let 100,000 refugees in. |
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Term
| Describe the Nazi "final solution" to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the Holocaust |
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Definition
| Hitler's final solution was a genocide of the Jews. First he relocated them to ghettos. Then he put them in concentration camp where he later killed a total of 11 million people. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of nations (Germany, Italy, and Japan), that opposed that Allies in WW2 |
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Term
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Definition
| When we lend or lease arms to other nations |
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Term
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Definition
| The US and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Brought the US into the war. |
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