Term
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Definition
| Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a ratio of 1:2:1 |
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Term
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Definition
| The simplest sugar molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Two joined sugars, such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
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Definition
| Complex joined molecule, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, lignin, and chitin |
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Definition
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Definition
| Stored sugar from animals, in the liver or muscles |
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Definition
| Not a polymer, no affinity to water; fats |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect from cold, balance hormones, act as lubricants for joints, and insulate nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Three molecules of fatty acids, and one molecule of glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon chains; solid at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Double bond between adjacent carbon atoms reducing the number of hydrogen atoms; liquid at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Two molecules of fatty acid, one molecule of glycerol, and one molecule of phosphate; an important component of a cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid tails that point inward and repel water |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycerol heads that point outward and attract water |
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Term
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Definition
| Four carbon lipid rings, including cholesterol and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
Phospholipids
Protein Chennels
Glycoprotein
Carbohydrate chains
Chelesterol
Bilayer |
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Term
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Definition
| The plasma membrane is a _______ structure |
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Term
| Sheets of lipid molecules |
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Definition
| Bilayer structure is made up of ______with protein molecules and cholesterol molecules embedded throughout |
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Term
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Definition
| The Plasma membrane is a_____within the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| The lipid bilayer is composed of _____attached to a _____instead of 3 fatty acids. In place of the 3rd fatty acid there is a phosphate group. PO4 |
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Term
| Unsaturated fatty acid tail |
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Definition
| _____:Bends at double bond and is more fluid. Unsaturated remains liquid at low temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| ____:Rigid molecule that strengthens the fluid mosaic (plasma membrane) and makes it more stable. Cholesterol also keeps tails from sticking to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____in the plasma membrane have several functions |
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Term
| Functions of proteins in the plasma membrane |
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Definition
transport molecules
enzymes chemical reactions
some protein markers fight disease
other marks give cell its identity so immune system can recognize it as "good" cell carbohydrate chain-glycoproteins |
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Term
| Factors that affect enzyme activity |
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Definition
| inhibitors, PH, temperature |
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Term
| Optimum temperature of an enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
| Polymers of smaller subunits |
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Definition
| Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are biomolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructures. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are the following______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acids are________ |
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Term
| Store and transmit genetic information |
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Definition
| The primary function of nucleic acid_____ |
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Term
| Functions of lipids in the human body |
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Definition
store energy for muscles/provide energy
produce hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein is a ______ made of amino acid monomers, linked by _____ bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| There are ___ different amino acids, and the correct sequence of amino acids for producing each type protein is provided by DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| All amino acids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins have multiple_____of structure |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary structure relates to the _____ of amino acids in the protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary structures link and fold to form sheets or____structures, which are the secondary structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| These form larger three-dimensional structures known as the teritary or_____ |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins form the ____ of all life processes |
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Term
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Definition
| The muscles in your body, organs, components of your ____system, and enzymes are examples of proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins are broken down in the____ and intestine into their component amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells can then effectively use these amino acids to____or repair muscles, organs, or bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our ____ cannot synthesize all the amino acids that are required |
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Term
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Definition
| The sharing of valence electrons between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms joined together by covalent atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance that is dissolves in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Attraction between molecules of different substances |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule in which the charges are evenly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance that does the dissolving in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances with a PH below 7 and having more H+ ions |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances with a PH ABOVE 7 and having MORE OH ions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule made up of many single unit molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule of sugars and is primary source of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Micromolecule of amino acids and controls cell processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule of nucleotides and stores genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecule of glycerol and fatty acids for long term storage |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that changes one set of chemicals into another |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements or compounds that are produced in a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins used to speed up chemical reactions |
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Term
| Evidence of Chemical Reaction |
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Definition
change in color
new substance
gas
change in temperature
light
texture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
All living things are made of one or more cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms
all cells arise from existing cells |
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Term
| Men Who Discovered/Defined Cell Theory |
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Definition
Hooke
Leewvonhoek
Schleidian
Schwann
Virchow |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-No nucleus
DNA
Smaller and simpler
cell wall
cell membrane
DNA is in a single circle |
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Term
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Definition
HAS a nucleus
DNA
NO cell wall
Cell membrane
Large and complex
Has a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
Container for DNA
Produces ribosomes |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Assembles lipids and proteins |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Plays different functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates materials entering and leaving cell |
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Term
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Definition
| clear liquid inside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries out genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Convert chemical energy into usable compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral reproduction method using cell wall attachment; kills cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral reproduction method using cell's genetic material; does not kill cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Needs to be broken down into ATP in multiple steps to make cellular energy because it's too long for one step like ADP+P |
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Term
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Definition
| Process where sunlight is captured and converted into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| The opposite of photosynthesis, using oxygen and food to produce energy, generating carbon dioxide as a byproduct |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell method to convert sugar to energy without using oxygen, creates alcohol as a byproduct |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division step where chromosomes are visible, envelope disappears, and an envelope forms |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division step where chromosomes line up along an equator |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division step where the centromere divides, chromatids separate, and the chromosomes move to different sides |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division step where the nuclear envelope reforms, and the chromosomes uncoil |
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Term
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Definition
| Process for a cell to copy its DNA in the nucleus during interphase |
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Term
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Definition
| Process for a cell to build a protein, putting amino acids together in a chain sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| First protein synthesis step to make MRNA from DNA in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Second protein synthesis step to build a protein on the ribosome using the RNA code |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in DNA, including deleting pairs, adding pairs, or substituting pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sections of chromosomes that control the production of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex cells with half the number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell with a full set of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell with twice the number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which one haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half through separation |
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