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| Thirty year long civil war between the House of York (emblem: white rose) and the House of Lancaster (emblem: red rose) for the English throne. Lancaster won in 1485 (led by Henry Tudor) |
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| The name Henry Tudor took when he became King of England. Took steps to unite English nation after the bitterly fought War of the Roses. First Tudor monarch. |
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| Became king in 1509. Educated by humanists, loved the arts and luxury. Had 6 wives and started the Church of England. |
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| Hans Holbein (the Younger) |
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| Court painter for Henry VIII. German - combined southern use of color and perspective with northern detail. Painted portait of Henry VIII like Hercules. |
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| Founded in 12th c. - one of oldest universities. Many important people studied there. |
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| Book by Thomas More. Describes a mythical island, Utopia (means "nowhere") whose society is nearly perfect. |
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| The Assertion of the Seven Sacrements |
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| Written by Henry VIII - supported Catholicism, against Protestantism. Pope called Henry "defender of the faith" |
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| Henry VIII's first wife. Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella - king & queen of Spain. (Divorced) |
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| Henry VIII's 2nd wife. Mother to Elizabeth (but no sons). (Beheaded) |
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| Act in Restraint of Appeals |
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| Limited the authority of the Pope in England. Pope Leo excommunicated Henry VIII. |
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| 1534. Made the king (or queen) of England the head of the Church of England. |
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| 1536. Closed the Catholic monasteries in England. |
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| Resisted Henry VIII's defiance of the Pope. He was arrested and beheaded. Symbol of moral courage. |
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| Daughter of Henry VIII & Catherine of Aragon. Became queen after her half-brother Edward died. She wanted to restore Catholicism to England - killed a lot of Protestants (hence "bloody") |
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| Leading humanist scholar - Elizabeth's tutor. |
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| The Act of Uniformity (1559) |
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| Made Church of England (the Anglican Church) the official church, but allowed Catholics to practice their faith. |
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| Thirty Nine Articles (1563) |
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| Listed main tenets of Anglican Church (a compromise that combined Luther's doctrines with Catholic ritual). |
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| Society of poets in Elizabeth's England. Wanted English poetry to be more like Ancient Greek poetry. |
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| Poem (unfinished) by Edmund Spencer (member of The Areopagus) - intended to be England's epic poem (Aneid/Illiad/Odyssey). Gloriana, Queen of Fairyland was Elizabeth. |
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| Prose with lyrical passages by Philip Sydney (member of The Areopagus). Arcadia = mountain region in Greece - ideal setting. |
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| Catholic queen of protestant Scotland. Involved in murder of her husband. Kicked out of Scotland. Went to Elizabeth (her cousin) for protection. Elizabeth put her in prison. She plotted against Elizabeth - Elizabeth had her beheaded. |
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