Term
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Definition
| acute suppresin of renal funcitnodevleoping in 24 hours. Accompaniged by anuria/oliguria. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mechanisms of tubulointerstiaitl injury |
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Definition
| glomeruular, immunoglogical , atleratiosn in tubular metabolism, atlerations in I ntrarenal dynamics, diabetest, crystalline, deposition, nephron obsturciton . |
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Term
| glomerular injury mechanism of injury |
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Definition
| loss of permselectivity. Results in increased levels of proteins in glomerular space leadign to lysosomal degradation of urinary proteins which leads to complment activation and all sorts of immno injury (ROS and cyotkine release) |
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Term
| Immuno processes mechanisms of injury |
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Definition
| altered antigenicity of kidney leadign to renal tubule acting as atngien presenting cell. |
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Term
| alteriantions in tubular metabolism mechanism of injur |
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Definition
| in disease states sruviign nephrons have icnreased o2 consumptino, increased ammoniagenesis, increased production of ROS. |
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Term
| intarenal dyamic change mechaniism of injury |
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Definition
| increased wall tension, increased urinary flow rate. |
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Term
| Diabetes mechanism of injury |
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Definition
| protein glycation, indcuing GBm release of inflammatory emdiators (cytokiens gamma itnerferon and tnf a), production of colalgen types I and IV, and icnrease fbironectin nad laminin. |
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Term
| cryastllinedpeosition associated with |
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Definition
| high po4 diet (deposition of calciu amdn phosphorus), leading to calcifications I ntubualr lumen isnterstitiu mand epithelial cels. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| epithelial cell injury and lysoszyme relase. |
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Term
| intratubular casts are the restult of |
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Definition
| nephron obstruction, commin in CKD. |
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Term
| nephron obstruction mechanism of injury |
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Definition
| obsturction rpoducing chceomtactic lipid,- infiklmmatory ifniltrate with cyotkeins and ROS. , Tamm horsfall protein activates neutrophils and complement. |
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Term
| clues to tubulointerstital disease |
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Definition
| mild/moderate proteinuria, no hematuria, sterile pyruia (eosonphils). Amino aciduria (form prox tubule), renal hyperkalemia, and metaolci acidosis. |
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Term
| fanconi syndrome most commonly seen in |
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Definition
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Term
| fanconi syndrome in adults associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| fanconi syndrome pathological features |
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Definition
| proximal tubular dysfunciton with urinary excretion of glucose aminoacids phosphates, bicarbonate and various other protiens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| glucosuria in presence of normal plasma glucose, aminoaciduria, non-gap metabolic acidosis, voluem depletion, hypokalemia, osteomalacia, malnutrition **failure to thrive** |
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Term
|
Definition
| proximal tubule acidosis related to bicarbonate loss canbe casued by fanconi syndrome |
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Term
| AD polycystic kidney disease genetic basis |
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Definition
| chromosome 16 pkd 1 mostly, some with pkd2 gene. |
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Term
| AD polycystic kidney disease epi |
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Definition
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Term
| APKD renal manifestatiosn |
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Definition
| bilateral renal cysts, nephromegaly, hematuria and hemmorhage (cysts rupturing), preserved EPO produciton depsirte ESRD due to CRF. |
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Term
| APKD extrarenal manifestatiosn |
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Definition
| hypertension with high renin elvels, anuerysms, diverticulosis,, mitral valve prolapse. |
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Term
| APKD cysts also presetn extrarenally in |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| control HTN, protein restricitoandn cyst draingage doesn’t really work. |
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Term
| characetrsitic casts of ATN |
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Definition
| muddy brown casts/ renal tubular cell cast. |
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Term
| ATN vs. prereanal azotemiaa |
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Definition
| Bun/CR noraml in Atn, greater htan 20:1 in prerenal. Rate of Cr rise higher in ATN, urine sodium higher in ATN, FE-NA hgiehr in ATN, FE urea higher in ATN. U osmolarity is lower in ATN. Ucr/ Pcr is lwoer in ATN. |
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Term
| Ischemic atn common cause |
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Definition
| prereanal azotemia due to hypovelmia |
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Term
| common sites of tubular dmage in ischemic ATN |
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Definition
| sragiht segment of proxima tubule, and Thick ascending limb. - theBM is disrupted athtese sites tienrfering if apropraite tubular regenration. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually recovers after afew weeks. |
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Term
| drug which causes nephrotoxic ATN |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosisdes msot common cause (gentamicin). |
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Term
|
Definition
| iligruia. Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. |
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Term
| Most common cause of tubulonersitital nephritis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Acute drug idncuted tubuloitnerstial neprhittis |
|
Definition
| usually Methicillin, Nsaids, sulfonamides |
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Term
| acute drug induced tubulointerstial nephritits clinifal findings |
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Definition
| fever, oliguria and rash. |
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|
Term
| acute drug induced itnerstial nerphittis miscoscopy |
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Definition
| eosonophilia and eosoniophiluria. |
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Term
| allergic interstital nephritis infectiona lcause |
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Definition
| not very common, but possible due to reactie change to systemic infeciton or direct invasiovnia pyelonephritis mechanism. (look for b-hemolytic strep as cause0. |
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Term
| chronic intersitial nephrtitis usually caused by |
|
Definition
| chronic use of acetaminpohen and aspirin for 3 or mor years (aaspirin inhbiits prostaglandin elaving AtIi unopposed). |
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|
Term
| analsegic nepropathy msot commonl ycauses |
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Definition
| renal papillary necrosis. |
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|
Term
| renal papilalry encorsis characterstic finding radiology |
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Definition
| ring defect where the papailale used to reside on iVP (due to sloughing off). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pathogenesis of Acute pyelonephrittis, msot ocmmonly. |
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Definition
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Term
| msot common mechanism for upper/lwoer Utis in females |
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Definition
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Term
| hematogouenosu spread to kidneys most commonly cuased by |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how to distinguish lower UTI from pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| fever, flank pain, wbc casts. |
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Term
| dRug induced itnerstial neprhitits why doe sparticular drug cause it |
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Definition
| methicillin due to b-lactam ring |
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Term
|
Definition
| AIN- with fever, GI symtpoms, abnomral liver tests THROMBOCYTOPENIA |
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|
Term
| APKD cysts also presetn extrarenally in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| APKD extra renal manifestations |
|
Definition
| hypertension with high renin elvels, anuerysms, diverticulosis,hematuria and hemmorhage (cysts rupturing), mitral valve prolapse. |
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