Term
| In what 3 ways are movement produced? |
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Definition
| By reflexes, by voluntary movement and by central pattern generators |
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Term
| What does the medial motor sytem control? What does the lateral system control? |
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Definition
| Lateral fine movement in the distal limbs(hands and feet). Medial course movement in the proximal limbs |
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Term
| What tracts constitute the medial motor system? |
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Definition
| ventral corticospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal |
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Term
| What tracts constitute the lateral mototr system? |
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Definition
| lateral corticospinal tract |
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Term
| Is the medial motor system bilateral? Is the lateral motor system? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which motor system(medial or lateral) controls individual muscles |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which motor system will a lesion have more effect on(medial or lateral) |
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Definition
| Lateral, because it inneervates contralaterally rathe than bilaterally |
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Term
| What is the function of the tectospinal tract? |
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Definition
| Control of neck muscles in response to visual stimuli. |
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Term
| What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the reticulspinal tract? |
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Definition
| Locomotion and posture control(along with the ventral corticospinal) |
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Term
| Where do the lateral corticospinal tract fibres cross the misline? |
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Definition
| Pyramidal decussation in the medulla? |
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Term
| Where are the cell bodies of alpha MN's to the head larynx and lower parhynx located? |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve motornuclei(brainstem) |
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Term
| Which motor cranial nerve nuclei have no direct connection to rhe motor cortex? |
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Definition
| 3(occulomotor) 4(trochlear) 6(abducens)these control striated eye muscles |
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Term
| Where are the cranial nerve motor nuclei located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cranial nerves does the nucleus ambigus control? |
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Definition
| The motor fibres of CN 9 and 10(larynx parhynx) |
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Term
| What is the role of the corticobulbar fibres? |
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Definition
| They are the upper motor neurones of cranial nerves 5,7,11 and 12 and contributes to the nucleus ambiguus. |
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Term
| How does the corticobulbar fibres innervate the cranial nerves? |
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Definition
| Bilaterally except for the lower half of CN7 supplying the lower face. |
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Term
| How does a unilateral upper motor lesion of CN 7 present? |
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Definition
| Lower one sided palsy with forehead sparing |
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Term
| Will an upper motor lesion increase tendon jerk?Why? |
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Definition
| Yes, because the tendon jerk reflex is normally tonically supressed? |
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Term
| How will a lower motor neurone lesion affect tendon jerk? |
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Definition
| It will be reduced or absent, because the efferent reflex axon is damaged |
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Term
| Will muscle atrphy be geater in an upper or lower motor neurone lesion? Why? |
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Definition
| it will be greater in a lower motor neurone lesion beacause in an upper lesion the Lower neurone will continue to provide stimulus for the muscle |
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Term
| What motor neurone lesion (upper or lower)would a twitching rapidly atrophying muscle indicate? What causes the twitching? |
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Definition
| A lower MN lesion. the twitching is due to the LMN no longer controlling the NMJ causing spontaneous vesicle release |
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Term
| What is the babinski sign? What does it indicate? |
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Definition
| On rubbing the sole if the toes extend eupwards than this is a postive babinski response and indicates an upper motor neurone lesion(or that u are a baby) |
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Term
| In which muscles in the upper and lower limb does spasticity from an upper motor lesion occur? |
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Definition
| Flexors of the upper limb and extensors of the lower limb |
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Term
| From which vertebrae is the upper limb innervated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| From which vertebrae is the lower limb innervated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of monoaminergic pathways in the spinal chord? |
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Definition
| To modify excitability, rather than produce movement |
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