Term
| What 2 types of bone are there? |
|
Definition
1) Lamellar bone
2) Woven bone |
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|
Term
| What types of lamellar bone are there? |
|
Definition
1) Cortical (or compact)
2) Cancellous (or spongy). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bone responds to mechanical stress. |
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Term
| What are the stages of fracture healing? |
|
Definition
1) Haemorrhage
2) Inflammation
3) Callus repair
4) Callus consideration
5) Remodelling. |
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Term
| What vessels rupture when you break a bone? |
|
Definition
| Vessels in the periosteum and endosteum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| To decrease the pain and amount of blood lost. |
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Term
| What happens during callus consideration? |
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Definition
| Woven bone is transformed into lamellar bone. |
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Term
| What is a stress fracture? |
|
Definition
| Abnormal repetitive stress on normal bone. |
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|
Term
| What is a fatigue fracture? |
|
Definition
| Normal repetitive stress on abnormal bone (i.e. osteoporotic). |
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Term
| What is a pathological fracture? |
|
Definition
| A fracture due to infection or neoplasm. |
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|
Term
| What are the 6 types of fracture? |
|
Definition
1) Transverse
2) Oblique
3) Spiral
4) Commuted
5) Greenstick
6) Crush. |
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|
Term
| What types of fracture healing are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does indirect bone healing involve? |
|
Definition
| Relative stability but micro motion at the fracture site causes callus formation. |
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|
Term
| What does direct bone healing entail? |
|
Definition
| 'Absolute' stability. Low fracture gap allows bone units to cross the fracture site and form new bone directly. |
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|
Term
| What is a Colles' fracture? |
|
Definition
| A fracture within an inch of the wrist. |
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|
Term
| What is enchondral ossification? |
|
Definition
| Cartilage cells become calcified and osteoblasts invade. |
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Term
| What is intramembraneous ossification? |
|
Definition
| Fibrous tissue fills with undifferentiated cells which are converted to bone forming cells at the fracture site. |
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Term
| What are the pros and cons of using intramedullary nails? |
|
Definition
| They damage the endosteal circulation and stimulate the periosteal circulation. |
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|
Term
| What is compartment syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Bleeding into fascia containing muscles. |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome? |
|
Definition
1) Disproportionate pain
2) Tense compartments
3) Asymmetry
4) Paresthesia. |
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