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| comparison made by referring to one thing as another |
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| explicit comparison, often employing "like" or "as". |
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| Whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa. |
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| Reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes. |
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| play on words that sounds the same but has a different meaning |
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| Substitution of one part of speech for another (noun used as a verb) |
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| Substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name, or vice versa. |
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| reference to abstractions or inanimate objects as though they had human qualities or abilities. |
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| Rhetorical exaggeration. Often accomplished using comparisons, similes, and metaphors. |
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| Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite. |
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| any question asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information that the question asks. |
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| Speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery, or jest. |
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| Using or inventing a word whose sounds imitates that which it names. (bang, buzz) |
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| Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another. Compressed paradox |
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