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Definition
| occurs when particles are evenly distributed and there is no change in the concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| a difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
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Term
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Definition
| type of transport that moves molecules across the cell membrane without the use of cellular energy · Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| type of transport that requires energy to move molecules against the concentration gradient · Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which dissolved molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration · Passive transport · Does not require a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| type of diffusion that helps large, polar, or charged substances such as glucose pass through the cell membrane by way of protein channels embedded in the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane · Water moves from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles/solutes compared with another solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles/solutes compared with another solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles/solutes compared with another solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in plant cells when placed in a hypertonic solution the cell loses water and shrinks away from the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in plant cells when placed in a hypotonic solution the cell gains water and swells out toward the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a cell bursts due to a great influx of water into the cell, far exceeding the capacity of the cell membrane to contain the extra volume. · This is a concern for cells that do not have a tough cell wall to resist internal water pressure. · Can also occur due to pathogens or the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| use ATP to transport ions/solutes across the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| process of taking liquids or large molecules into the cell by engulfing them in the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of endocytosis in which liquid is taken into the cell from the surrounding environment |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of endocytosis in which extensions in the cytoplasm surround and engulf large solid particles |
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Term
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Definition
| the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane |
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Term
Adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP) |
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Definition
| Energy used by living organisms to run cell processes |
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Term
(SA:V) Cell size
Surface area to
volume ratio |
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Definition
| Affects the rate of diffusion, limits cell size, and influences cell structure and biology · The smaller the cell the greater the surface area to volume ratio which is good for the cell's ability to survive · Cells need to be the smallest they can |
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