Term
| 4 advantages of Aplysia studies |
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Definition
1. CNS of 20,000 neurons compared to about 100 billion in humans
2. many of the neurons are large & identifiable
3. possible to link individual neurons to behaviors
4. exhibits defensive withdrawal mechanisms readily altered by experience |
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Term
| What is the most complex behavior of the Aplysia? |
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Definition
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Term
| the most intact preparation |
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Definition
| abdominal ganglion is externalized through small incision in the neck |
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Term
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Definition
| mantle organs, as well as the tail for modulatory input, are surgically removed while remaining connected to the abdominal ganglion |
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Term
| isolated abdominal ganglion |
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Definition
| one has direct access to all neural elements in the reflex circuit |
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Term
| Which preparation is called the "neural analog of learning"? |
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Definition
| isolated abdominal ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
| isolated sensory & motor neurons that have been removed from the ganglia & placed in culture dishes |
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Term
| 3 types of nonassociative learning demonstrated by the gill withdrawal reflex |
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Definition
1. habituation
2. dishabituation
3. sensitization |
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Term
| tactile stimulation to the siphon: weak or strong stimulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| shock to the tail: weak or strong stimulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does habituation occur in the experiment? |
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Definition
| repeated tactile stimulation to the siphon |
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Term
| When does dishabituation occur in the experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 observable physiological changes in the presynaptic terminal associated with short-term habituation |
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Definition
1. less calcium enters the cell
2. only 11% of neurotransmitter vesicles are within 30 nanometers of the active zone membrane |
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Term
| 4 significant changes in long-term habituation |
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Definition
1. 10% of terminals have active zones as opposed to 40% in normal
2. the mean area of active zones is smaller
3. number of vesicles within 30 nanometers of the presynaptic active zone is smaller
4. total number of synapses per neuron is smaller |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the presynaptic membrane opposite the postsynaptic density across the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| Which associative learning group demonstrated alpha conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which associative learning group showed greatest response to test? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did the US group alone show a greater or lower response than CS-US paired? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which associative learning group showed the lowest response to test? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ analysis indicated a presynaptic mechanism for increased EPSP |
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Definition
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Term
| Quantal analysis indicated a sensitization caused by _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ has been implicated as an important neurotransmitter in producing sensitization |
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Definition
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Term
| Serotonin decreased a novel potassium current in sensory neurons: _______ |
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Definition
| serotonin-sensitive potassium current (S current) |
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Term
| Serotonin increases cAMP levels in _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Injection of ______ in sensory neurons increased release of neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cAMP response element binding protein that binds to DNA sequences called CRE:cAMP response element |
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Term
| classical conditioning model |
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Definition
| sensory neuron activity gives rise to calcium ion influx that activates a calmodulin-dependent priming of adenylyl cyclase activity = +cAMP = stronger GSWR |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| heterosynaptic facilitation |
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Term
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Definition
| amplification of heterosynaptic facilitation |
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