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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| edema, flushing, headache, fatigue, abdominal pain |
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Definition
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Definition
| blocks Ca++ channels to smooth muscle; decreases force of contraction of heart; decreases heart rate and BP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CCB - patient consultation |
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Definition
| avoid taking cough/cold OTC meds without contacting MD (short course typically okay for well controlled BP) |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin - FDA indications |
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Definition
| angina, CHF, hypertensive emergencies |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin - patient consultation |
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Definition
| take sublingually every 5 min on the onset of angina, call 911 after 15 min if not subsided; do not crush or chew; stored in glass container |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin - adverse effects |
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Definition
| headache, dizziness, hypotension |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin - mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta 1-receptors - location |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta 2-receptors - location |
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Definition
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Term
| Beta-Blockers - mechanism |
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Definition
| blocks adrenaline from binding to beta-receptors, decreases heart rate and blood pressure |
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Term
| Beta 1-receptors - functions |
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Definition
| heart rate, strength of heart beat |
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Term
| Beta 2-receptors - functions |
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Definition
| controls function of smooth muscles in blood vessels, bronchi, and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract |
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Term
| adrenal glands - location |
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Definition
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Term
| adrenal glands - function |
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Definition
| secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline, responsible for fight or flight response |
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Term
| Beta-blockers - FDA indications |
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Definition
| HTN, Angina, Helps prevent additional heart attacks in heart attack patients, Corrects irregular heartbeat, Prevents migraine headaches, Treat tremors |
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Term
| non-selective beta-blockers |
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Definition
| block both beta 1- and beta 2-receptors |
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Term
| Beta-blockers - patient consultation |
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Definition
| Increases skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, diabetes patients: Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia, May cause blood glucose to rise and increase glucose intolerance, take with food to increase absorption |
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Term
| Beta-blockers - adverse effects |
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Definition
| bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness, depression, SOB, nightmares |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Atenolol with Chlorthalidone |
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Definition
| Tenoretic, beta 1-blocker |
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Term
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Definition
| Lopressor, Toprol XL, beta 1-blocker |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inderal, non-selective, used for migraines |
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Term
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Definition
| Coreg, non-selective, slight alpha 1-blocking activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Normodyne, Trandate, non-selective with alpha 1-blocking activity |
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Term
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Definition
| cause the kidneys to remove more sodium and water from the body, this relaxes the blood vessel wall, results in lower BP |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prevents body from absorbing too much salt, Keeps potassium levels from getting too low |
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Term
| Triamterene - adverse effects |
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Definition
| leg cramps (from low levels of potassium) |
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Term
| Triamterene - FDA indications |
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Definition
| Treats fluid retention (edema) in people with: congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome; Used to keep K+ in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| HydroDiuril, Thiazide diuretic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Maxzide, Dyazide, (Triamterene is a Potassium sparing diuretic) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aldactone, Potassium sparing |
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Term
| Diuretics - patient consultation |
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Definition
| Take in AM (will be dehydrated if taken at night) |
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Term
| Anti-hypertensives - FDA indications |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| BP that is consistently over 140/90 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| BP GOAL of patient with HTN |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which is more difficult to control in most patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Anti-hypertensives covered in class |
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Definition
| ACE inhibitors, Beta-blockers, Diuretics, Calcium Channel Blockers, Alpha 1-receptor Blockers, Alpha 2 agonist, ARBs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Angiotension coverting enzyme |
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Term
| ACE inhibitor - mechanism |
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Definition
| block the angiotensin converting enzyme, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II; Blocking angiotensin II relaxes and expands blood vessels thus reducing blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitors - FDA indications |
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Definition
| Lowers blood pressure, Treats heart failure, Protects kidneys from damage in patients with diabetes or HTN, Prevention of early death in patients with hypertension |
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Term
| ACE inhibitors - adverse effects |
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Definition
| build up of bradykinin causes cough, can elevate K+ (avoid salt substitutes), dizziness, low BP, headache, Angioedema, can cause birth defects, not for patients with severe renal disease, Q's over interaction with NSAIDs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers |
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Term
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Definition
| Like ACE-inhibitors, but blocks EFFECTS of angiotensin II by blocking AT1-receptors |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha 1-receptor blockers - FDA indications |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hyperplasia - enlargement of the prostate gland |
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Term
| Alpha 1-receptor blockers - mechanism |
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Definition
| Block the alpha1-receptors of vascular smooth muscle, thus preventing the re-uptake of catecholamines by the smooth muscle cells; This causes vasodilation and allows blood to flow more easily |
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Term
| Alpha 1-receptor blockers - location |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical compounds, Circulate in the bloodstream, High levels are associated with stress (high BP, high HR) |
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Term
| Catecholamines - examples |
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Definition
| Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha 1-receptor blockers - adverse effects |
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Definition
| palpitations, nausea, headache |
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Term
| Alpha 1-receptor blockers - patient consulatation |
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Definition
| take first dose at bedtime |
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Term
| Alpha 2-agonist - mechanism |
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Definition
| Crosses the blood brain barrier, Selectively stimulates receptors in the brain that monitor catecholamine levels in the blood, Activates an inhibitory neuron that decreases sympathetic outflow, decreases catecholamine production, HR and BP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clonidine - adverse effects |
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Definition
| dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
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Term
| Clonidine - patient consultation |
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Definition
| take with food or milk, Change transdermal skin sites with each application of patch |
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Term
| Clonidine - indications (not FDA-approved) |
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Definition
| migraines, Symptoms associated with menopause or menstrual discomfort, Symptoms of withdrawal associated with alcohol, nicotine, or narcotics, ADHD |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent bacteria from dividing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillin antibiotics - FDA indications |
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Definition
| narrow spectrum, skin, teeth, upper respiratory infections (and others, prevention of infection |
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Term
| Penicillins - adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillins - patient concultation |
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Definition
| take on empty stomach if possible, take at even intervals, finish full course of therapy, decrease efficacy of oral contraceptives |
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Term
| Beta lactam ring - mechanism |
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Definition
| found in antibiotic, binds to bacteria to destroy it |
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Term
| Importance of adding Clavulanic acid to amoxicillin |
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Definition
| The clavulanic acid breaks apart the beta lactamases (proteins that break down beta lactam rings, deactivating antibiotic) |
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Term
| antibiotics that have beta lactam rings |
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Definition
| penicillins and cephalosporins |
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Term
| 1st generation cephalosporins (treats gram +) |
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Definition
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Term
| 2nd generation cephalosporins (treats gram + and -) |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd generation cephalosporins (treats gram + and -) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cephalosporins - adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
| cephalosporins - patient consultation |
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Definition
| take on empty stomach if possible, take at even intervals, complete full course of therapy, decreases efficacy of oral contraceptives |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolone antibiotics - factoids |
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Definition
| irreversible nerve damage, Spontaneous tendon damage (especially in those that use systemic corticosteroids) |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones - adverse effects |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones - patient consultation |
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Definition
| Complete full course of therapy--resistance can develop rapidly, Take with 8oz water, Skin sensitivity to sun, Do not take with antacids, multi-vitamins (separate dose by 2 hours) |
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Term
| Amoxicillin, Penicillin V, Amoxicillin with Clanulanate |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Amoxicillin with Clavulanate |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefdinir |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibiotic suspensions need to be refrigerated? |
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Definition
| penicillins, cephalosporins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Macrolides - FDA indications |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum, upper and lower respiratory infections (including pneumonia), skin infections, certain STDs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Macrolides - patient consultation |
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Definition
| Can cause stomach upset, take with food if needed, Antacids slow the absorption, Diarrhea can occur in almost 5% |
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Term
| Zithromax - patient consultation |
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Definition
| Take on empty stomach if possible, Do not refrigerate oral suspension |
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Term
| Biaxin - patient consulatation |
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Definition
| Take with food, Do not refrigerate oral suspension |
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Term
| Tetracycline derivatives - FDA indications |
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Definition
| broad spectrum, Upper respiratory infections, acne, pneumonia, skin infections |
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Term
| tetracyclines - patient consultation |
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Definition
| avoid sunlight, take on empty stomach (no dairy, calcium, multi-vitamins, or antacids), do not take when pregnant: causes yellowing of teeth, not for children < 8 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| doxycyline - treatment of choice |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Flagyl/Metrogel - FDA indications |
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Definition
| anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections |
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Term
| Flagyl/Metrogel - patient education |
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Definition
| if GI upset occurs, take with food; AVOID ALCOHOL: A disulfiram-like reaction may occur |
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Term
| Septra/Bactrim - FDA indications |
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Definition
| urinary tract infections, chronic bronchitis exacerbations, traveler's diarrhea, acne, bronchitis, otitis media |
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Term
| Diflucan - FDA indications |
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Definition
| yeast infections, thrush, meningitis |
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Term
| Tamiflu - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| children >1 for treatment of influenza (over 2 days), prophylaxis of influenza, H1N1 |
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Term
| Valtrex - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| Herpes virus: genital herpes, shingles, cold sores |
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Term
| Bactroban - patient consultation |
|
Definition
| Cover area with small film, do not rub in, May cause stinging and pain at site, Report any swelling to physician |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Sulfamethoxazole with Trimethoprim |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Desired level of triglycerides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors |
|
Definition
| statin-drugs, Lopid, Niaspan, Cholestyramine, Omega 3 and Omega 6 oils |
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Term
| statins - patient education |
|
Definition
| pregnancy category X, grapefruit juice: MAY increase plasma concentrations of statins, Contraindicated in patients with acute liver disease and in patients who consume large amounts of alcohol, May elevate LFT (liver function test) levels |
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Term
| statins - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| Lower LDL by 30-55%, lower total cholesterol, some reduction in triglycerides and some increase in HDL, lower risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and death |
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|
Term
| statins - adverse effects |
|
Definition
| constipation and muscle pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| vitamin b-3, found in fish, meat, nuts, eggs, Functions in the digestive system, skin, and nerves |
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Term
| Niaspan - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| Often used in combination, lower TG, increase HDL, lower LDL |
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Term
| Niaspan - adverse effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Niaspan - patient education |
|
Definition
| take at bedtime with a snack, swallow whole |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| lower LDL and TG, increase HDL |
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|
Term
| TriCor - patient education |
|
Definition
| monitor LFTs periodically |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| ezetimibe and simvastatin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
##### - manufacturer
#### - drug identity
## - package size |
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Term
| How long do patents on a drug last? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How long do trials on a new drug typically last? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor (a daze) |
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Term
| Narcotics - adverse effects |
|
Definition
| constipation, abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cocaine, some Codeine products, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Testosterone, Anabolic Steroids, Butalbital (Fiorinal®), Chlorhexadol, hydrocodone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Phentermine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Some Codeine products, Diphenoxylate products (Lomotil®), Opium preparations (Kapectolin®) |
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Term
| Maximum adult dose of APAP/day |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| oxycodone (controlled-release) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxycodone (immediate-release) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percocet, Roxicet, Endocet |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| hydrocodone with ibuprofen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| propoxyphene napsylate with APAP |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| butalbital, APAP and caffeine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Darvocet-N - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| Managment of mild to moderate pain |
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|
Term
| Darvocet-N - adverse effects |
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Definition
| Dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain |
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|
Term
| Lortab/Vicodin - FDA indications |
|
Definition
| Relief of moderate to severe pain |
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|
Term
| Lortab/Vicodin - adverse effects |
|
Definition
| Dizziness, bradycardia, drowsiness, abdominal pain, constipation |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lortab, Vicoprofen, APAP with Codeine |
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Term
|
Definition
| MS Contin, oxycodone, Percocet |
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|
