Term
| What phases of cell cycle make up interphase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage does the mitotic phase come after? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages of the mitotic phase? |
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Definition
| Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled. duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. mitotic spindle forms, two centriole pairs move away from each other by lengthening microbubules b/n the two centriole pair. |
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Term
| What makes up the mitotic spindle? |
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Definition
| microtubules & associated proteins b/n two centriole pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear envelope fragments. microtubles of the spindle reach the chromosomes and become highly condensed. Chromatids get kinetochores at the centromere region. Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochore causing chromosome into agitated motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| centriole pairs are at opposite poles of the cell. chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate, plane that is equidistant b/n the spindle's two poles. chromosome lie with long axis at 90 degrees to spindle axis. Cell enters anaphase when chromosomes become aligned at plate and when every kinetochore is porperly attached to a bundle of microtubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins when centromeres of chromosome move apart, liberating sister chromatids. spindle begins to move freed sister chromatidsd toward opposite poles of the cell. by end of anaphase poles have equivalent collections of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| daughter nuclei begin to form at two poles of cell. nuclear envelope formed fro mthe fragments of the parent's nuclear envelope. nucleoli reappear and chromatin fiber fof chromosome uncoils. Equal division of one nucleus into genetically identical nuclei is complete. division of cytoplasm underwqay and separate4 2 cells appear shortly after the end of mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the process of the division of germ cells. |
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Term
| What are the phases of Meiosis I? |
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Definition
| Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I & cytokinesis. |
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Term
| What are the phases of meiosis II? |
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Definition
| prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II & cytokinesis |
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Term
| In what phase of meiosis do the daughter cells become haploid? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does synapsis and crossing over occur during meiosis? |
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Definition
| During prophase I of meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| through crossing over two members of each homolog pair exchange segments of DNA. As a result, the gene combinations on each chromosome can be changed. |
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Term
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Definition
| tetrads, rahter than individual chromosomes, align on teh metaphas plate. both kinetochores of each sister chromatid pair are turned toward the same pole and attach to spindle fivers from teh same pole. homologous pairs are held together by chiasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pair of homologous chromosomes is separated and pulled to the opposite poles of the cell. Sister chromatids of each chromosome do not separate.Go to the sample pole of the cell. |
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Term
| What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase of mitosis? |
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Definition
| In mitosis the sister chromatids of each homologous chromosome separate and move toward opposite poles. During anaphase I the sister chromatids of each chromosome do not separate. they go to sample pole of the cell. |
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Term
| Telophase I & cytokinesis |
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Definition
| chromosomes reach the poles. each pole, there is a complete one set of chromosomes. each chromosome still has two sister chromatids. cleavage furrow appears. cell becomes divided into new two cells with separation of cytoplasm. daughter cells begin immediately to prepare for the second meiotic division. |
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Term
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Definition
| the chromosomes are condensed and not yet attached to the spindle fibers. the centrosomes have replicated and are moving toward the poles. spindle apparatus is growing outward from the centrosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes move to the metaphase plate of each of the two daugher cells produced by tahe first meiotic division. 2 kinetochores of each entromere are attached to the spindle fibers from opposite poles for the separation of the sister chromatids of each chromosome during anaphase II. |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids of each chromosome become separated and move toward opposite poles. |
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Term
| Telophase II & cytokinesis |
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Definition
| chromosomes reach opposite poles and cytokinesis occurs. 2 cells produced by meiosis I divide to form four haploid daughet cells. |
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Term
| In what phase does DNA replication occur during mitosis? |
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Definition
| During interphase and before mitosis |
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Term
| What is independent assortment of chromosomes? |
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Definition
| two equally probabgly arrangements of chromosomes at between metaphase I and metaphase II |
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Term
| How many different combinations of the chromosome arrangement are possible when N=23? |
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Definition
| 8 million different combinations |
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Term
| Is translocation of chromosomal arms a structural or numerical abnormalitie? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| satate of having complete set of chromosome with none extra or missing |
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Term
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Definition
| state of having a chromosome number that is not a multiple of the haploid number for the species. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gain of one additional chromosome |
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Term
| Which chromosome is trisomy in down syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Is it possible to have viable autosomal cells that have mosomy for any chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. There are other viable autosomal trisomies besides down syndrome, patau syndrome, edward syndrome. |
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Definition
| False. Trisomy is only viable with chromosomes 21,13,18 |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosome X: only one X chromosome present |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does "p" stand for in cytogenetic notation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "q" stand for in cytogenic notation of chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of a part off one chromosome to another chromosome. usually fragments are exchanged b/n two chromosomes (reciprocal exchange). |
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Term
| Balanced reciprocal translocation |
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Definition
| original length of the chromosome is kept as before after the translocation. |
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Term
| Centric Fusion Translocation |
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Definition
| b/n acrocentric shromosomes, which has a centromere located near at one end of the chromosome. One very large chromosome formed and one very small lost, resulting in 45 chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the centromere divides horizontally instead of vertically. one of two arms of the chromosome is lost. one could have two short or long arms. common isochromosome involves two long arms of X chromosome. |
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Term
| Inversion of chromosome structure |
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Definition
| a segment reunites to the original chromosome after a complete turnaround |
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Term
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Definition
| after a loss of segment from each end of the chromosome, the arms unite to form a ring. |
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Term
| Does meiotic nondisjunction of Down Syndrome occur in the sperm or in the developing oocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the signs/symptoms of Down Syndrome? |
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Definition
| Mental retardation, Flat Facial profile: wide face, low brdiged nose, slanted eyes, epicanthic fold, macroglossia, Abnormal extremities: usually arms & legs are short, fith finger is shorter and crooked |
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