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| 3 goals of successful aging: |
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| 1. Avoiding disease and disability. 2. Maintaining high cognitive and physical functioning. 3. Staying involved with life and living. |
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| There are _____ countries with more than 2 million persons over 65 |
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| Country with largest number of elders: |
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| Passed in 1965. Intended to provide support and restorative services, both institutional and community-based. Currently waiting reauthorization. (Bonder, pg. 16) |
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| 2030 US population projection: |
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| approx. 71.5 million people will be 65 and older, comprising 20% of population |
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| Is the number of persons aging successfully increasing or decreasing? |
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| Somatic Mutation Theory of Aging: |
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| Genetic damage leads to functional failure and death. Subtype of Stochastic, Biological Theory of Aging. |
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| NEUROENDOCRINE theory of aging: |
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Definition
Functional decrements in neurons and hormones. Subtype of Developmental-Genetic Theory of Aging.
FREE RADICAL: Damage from highly chemically reactive agents.
CALORIC RESTRICTION: Excess calories damage tissues. |
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| All these theories posit cellular level changes affecting organismal changes. Subtype of Cellular aging Theory. |
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| Growth factor signal transduction and DNA replication are subtypes of which theory? |
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| Mutation Accumulation theory: |
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| Genetic errors/accidents over time lead to aging. Subtype of evolutionary theory. |
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| Antagonistic pleiotropy theory: |
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| Late-acting deleterious genes accumulate if they have any benefit in early life. Subtype of evolutionary theory. |
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| Soma cells have limited durability because they have a short expected duration of use. Subtype of evolutionary theory. |
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| Normal age-related change theory: |
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Definition
| Cognitive change is an inevitable part of aging. Subtype of neuropsychological theory. |
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| Neurodegenerative Change: |
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| Cognitive change is the result of damage and degeneration. Subtype of Neuropsychological Theory. |
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| Psychological: Life span theory of aging: |
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| The second half of life is characterized by significant individual differentiation, multidirectionality, and intraindividual plasticity. |
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| Psychological: Selective optimization with compensation theory of aging: |
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| A model of psychological and behavior adaptation identifying 3 fundamental mechanisms for managing adaptive development in later life. |
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| Psychological: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
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| Describes individual choices in interaction, based on self-interested need for emotional closeness that leads to selective interactions. |
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| Distal Determinant Theory: |
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| Factors that affect cognition reside outside the individual, for example, in the social and cultural environment. Subtype of Psychological: Cognition and Aging Theory. |
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| Proximal Determinant Theory: |
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| Specific individual differences are the cause of cognitive change. Subtype of Psychological: Cognition and Aging Theory. |
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| Personality and Aging Theory: |
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| Theories that focus on the extent and nature of personality stability and change over time. Subtype of psychological theories of aging. |
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| Life course theory of aging: |
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| Focuses on expected and normal changes in life over its entire span. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Individuals, including elders, make rational choices about interactions with others, based on their needs and on norms of reciprocity. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Social Constructionist Theory: |
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| Focuses on individual agency and social behavior within the larger structures of society, and on subjective meanings of age and the aging experience. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Feminist Theory of Aging: |
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Definition
| Give priority to gender as an organizing principle for social life across the life span. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Political economy of aging theory: |
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| Focus on the interaction of economic and political forces in explaining how the treatment and status of older adults can be understood. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Critical perspectives of aging theory: |
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| Focuses either on humanistic dimensions of aging or on structural components in attempting to create positive models emphasizing strengths and diversity of age. Subtype of sociological theories. |
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| Cskiszentmihalyi describes 3 components of meaning: |
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Definition
| achieving purpose, expressing intentionality, creating internal harmony |
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| "ability to perform activities a person believes is central to independence" |
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| "perceived ability is as important as actual ability" |
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| "Self Efficacy" Positive Psychology |
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| What percent of the population is currently living in nursing homes? |
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| "a sense that life makes sense, it has meaning" |
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| "the human capacity to do" |
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| "power to change the way we envision life and ourselves" |
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| "Connected, coherent, grounded in agency and expressing blessing is a wondrous engine of life..." |
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| Substitution (selection); Optimization; Compensation |
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| Error Catastrophe Theory of Aging: |
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Definition
| Defect in protein synthesis mechanism leads to errors in proteins. Subtype of stochastic, biological theory of aging. |
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| IMMUNOLOGICAL theory of aging: |
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Definition
| Functional decrements in immune system. Subtype of developmental-genetic, biological theory of aging. |
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| Free radical theory of aging: |
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Definition
| Damage from highly chemically reactive agents. Subtype of developmental-genetic, biological theory of aging. |
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| Caloric restriction theory of aging: |
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Definition
| Excess calories damage tissues. Subtype of developmental-genetic, biological theory of aging. |
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