Term
| Which bones form the skeleton of the thoraxcic wall? |
|
Definition
| The costals ribs, the clavicle, sternum, and vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
| The thoracic cavity is divided into how many compartments? |
|
Definition
| 3 compartments: the mediastinum and 2 pleural cavities |
|
|
Term
| The superior and inferior mediastina are separated by a plane passing between which structures? |
|
Definition
| MANUBRIUM AND BODY OF THE STERNUM |
|
|
Term
| The sternum is composed of which 3 segments? |
|
Definition
| Manubrium(clavicle and ribs 1-2),Body of the sternum(Manubriosternal joint xiphisternal joint), and the Xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| What is the sternal angle of Louis, and why is it important? |
|
Definition
| It lies level of the costal cartiledge of the 2nd rib T4/T5 IV disc, and it is used as a clinical guide for the accurate numbering of ribs and intercostal spaces;the level of bifuracation of trachea.start and end of aoretic arch |
|
|
Term
| Which of the 12 pairs of ribs are considered true ribs? |
|
Definition
| First 7 ribs, they connect interiorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages. |
|
|
Term
| What is contained in the inferior to each rib? |
|
Definition
| Intercostal vessels and nerves(intercostal vein>artery>nerve), respectively(superior to inferior),3 muscles:external intercostal , internal intercostal, and innermost intercostal, endo thoracic fascia, |
|
|
Term
| Where do the ribs fracture? What are the general consequences? |
|
Definition
| ribs fracture just interiorly to its angle, may cause injury to the lung and or spleen |
|
|
Term
| What is thoracic outlet syndrome? |
|
Definition
| TOS : a compression of neurovascular structures in the thoracic outlet causing of pain numbness and tingling or weakness & fatigue in the upper limb caused by pressure on the brachial plexus by a cervical rib or pan coast tumor. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 intercostal muscle layers, from superfi cial to deep, and describe the continuation of each within the abdominal wall. |
|
Definition
| External intercostal muscle(extends from the rib tubercle post. To costochondral junction anterior,ly where the muscles are replaced by EIM(membrane) , internal intercostal(extends from the sternum interiorly and the rib angle posterior where muscle fibers are replaced by the (IIM) , and innermost intercostal muscle(similar to IIM separted by intercostal VAN. |
|
|
Term
| Which intercostal muscles are most important for inspiration? |
|
Definition
| The external intercostal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the terms ‘Bucket Handle’ and ‘Pump Handle’ movements? |
|
Definition
| The bucket handle and pummp handle are movements in which the ribs flair out and move upwards. |
|
|
Term
| Pain from an infection of the pericardium (pericarditis) is conveyed in what nerve(s)? |
|
Definition
| The phrenic nerve( C3-C5) |
|
|
Term
| The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of which artery? |
|
Definition
| Anterior intercostal arteries are branches of internal thoracic artery(from subclavian artery), and the musculophrenic artery |
|
|
Term
| The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of which artery? |
|
Definition
| the superior intercostal artery and the decending thoracic aorta. |
|
|
Term
| What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery? |
|
Definition
| Superior epigastric,muscluophrenic (7-9), and the six intercostal |
|
|
Term
| What is the chief surgical importance of the internal thoracic artery? |
|
Definition
| Supplies the 1st-6th intercostal spaces, pericardium,mammary gland,rectus abdominus muscle,and diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Which nerves innervate the chest wall? |
|
Definition
| Subcostal nerve (T12),lateral& anterior cutaneus |
|
|
Term
| Which dermatome supplies sensation to the: Nipple? Umbilicus? |
|
Definition
| To the nipple (T4) to the umbilicus(T10) |
|
|
Term
| What are the first branches off of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first branch off the arch of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brachiocephalic artery gives off which 2 major branches? |
|
Definition
| right subclavian and right common carotid |
|
|
Term
| What is the second branch off the arch of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the third branch off the arch of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 veins join to form the superior vena cava? |
|
Definition
| right and left brachiocephalic artery |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein? |
|
Definition
| internal jugular and subclavian |
|
|
Term
| What 3 arteries supply blood to the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| descending aorta, musculophrenic artery, epigastric |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve innervates the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessels does the phrenic nerve travel with through the thorax? |
|
Definition
| pericardiacophrenic artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm that allow structures to pass from the thoracic cavity into the abdomen? |
|
Definition
| Caval T8 , esophageal T10 and aortic T12 |
|
|
Term
| Which 3 structures pass through the aortic hiatus? |
|
Definition
| Aorta,azygos vein( right side of the body),thoracic duct(the largest lymph node in the body ,begings at cisterna chili @ the 2 L vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| The aortic hiatus is located at which vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The esophageal hiatus is located at which vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structures pass through the caval foramen? |
|
Definition
| IVC and right phrenic nerve(larynx & diapham |
|
|
Term
| The caval foramen is located at which vertebral level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely cause of edema, erythema, and tenderness of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ligaments within the breast called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site for lymphatic drainage from the breast? |
|
Definition
| axillary nodes, peritoneal lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Where do the lateral lymph nodes of the breast drain to? |
|
Definition
| Axillary lymph nodes via the anterior pectoral lymphs nodes |
|
|
Term
| Where do the medial lymph nodes of the breast drain to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which breast quadrant has the greatest occurrence of cancer, and what type of breast cancer is most common? |
|
Definition
| Upper lateral quadrant, cancer in the epithelium of the lactiferous duct. |
|
|
Term
| Involvement of which of the following structures is the most likely cause of dimpling of the overlying skin of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerves are most likely to be damaged during the surgical operation of removing of the breast after being diagnosed with breast carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Long thoracic and intercostal brachial |
|
|
