Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is this vitamin water soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the active form of this vitamin? |
|
Definition
| thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) |
|
|
Term
| What is the phosphorylated co-enzyme form of this vitamin? |
|
Definition
| Thiamine Diphosphate (TDP) |
|
|
Term
| What form is this vitamin in plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form is this vitamin in animal products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of reactions is thiamin used in within the body? |
|
Definition
| Energy yielding reactions linked with metabolic rate, which will increase the need for thiamin in times of growth |
|
|
Term
| Can phosphorylated forms be absorbed? |
|
Definition
| No--must become free by phosphatases before absorption |
|
|
Term
| What types of transport are used to absorb thiamin? |
|
Definition
| active and passive, depending on concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An antithiamin factor that is found in foods like raw fish. Keeps thiamin from being absorbed |
|
|
Term
| How does the presence of vitamin C effect thiamin uptake? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin C helps prevent thiamin destruction by reducing antithiamin factors. |
|
|
Term
| How is thiamin transported into blood? |
|
Definition
| Through sodium co-transport |
|
|
Term
| What increases and decreases thiamin absorption? |
|
Definition
Increase: deficiency
Decrease: thyroid hormone, diabetes, alcohol consumption |
|
|
Term
| What does free thiamine become once absorbed? |
|
Definition
| Thiamine is phosphorylated in the liver to TDP |
|
|
Term
| What happens to excess thiamine |
|
Definition
| it can be excreted in various forms when in excess. |
|
|
Term
| What does the degradation of thiamine make? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine and thiazole rings |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of thiamine? |
|
Definition
1. Energy Transformation (co-enzyme)
2. Metabolizing glucose (co-enzyme)
3. Membrane and nerve conduction |
|
|
Term
| What is the RDA of thiamine for men and women? |
|
Definition
1.2 mg/day for men
1.1 mg/day for women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic low thiamin intake
seen in adults, usually with high carb intake |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of dry beriberi |
|
Definition
| muscle weakness and wasting, peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
associated with the heart
Enlarged hear, rapid heart beat, heart failure, peripheral edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mostly found in infants, with not enough thiamine in infant formula or excessive intake of glucose. Can cause lactic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| What is Wernicke's encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
| Neurological disorder that is caused by deficiency: paralysis of ocular muscles, involuntary eye movements, ataxia, brain damage w/o treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are S/S of toxicity? |
|
Definition
| 100x RDA has shown headache, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, and anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
| Why do people have deficiencies in thiamine? |
|
Definition
1. Alcoholism (inhibits transporters in the intestine)
2. Issues with gene that codes for transporters
3. low intake (common in people with congestive heart failure with increase urinary losses) |
|
|
Term
| What are good food sources of thiamine to complete RDA? |
|
Definition
1 Whole Baked Potato .22mg
1/2 Cup Green Peas .23mg
3oz Pork chop 0.65mg |
|
|
Term
| What are good sources of thiamine? |
|
Definition
meat/animal products
beans
seeds
nutritional yeast
leafy greens |
|
|
Term
| How should you store products to maintain thiamine? |
|
Definition
Keep grains in air tight containers
keep cold foods cold |
|
|
Term
| How should you process products to maintain thiamine? |
|
Definition
| Keep grains whole because milling decreases B1 |
|
|
Term
| How should you cook products to maintain thiamine? |
|
Definition
| this vitamin is very water soluble, so steaming, roasting, or grilling veggies is better than boiling/blanching. Avoid high temps |
|
|
Term
| What are current issues with B1? |
|
Definition
| Most deficiencies are in underdeveloped countries or people with anorexia, malabsorption and alcoholism |
|
|
