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| Choice Theory, basic assumption |
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Definition
| Humans are rational, reasoning individuals who weigh and control their actions |
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| Application of Choice Theory |
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Definition
| Punishment was thought to be the best deterrent for crime because it was assumed that crimes were the result of free will |
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| Classical School of Criminology Thought |
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Definition
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| The Positive School of Criminology |
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Definition
| denied the existence of free will and argued that people are born with an innate propensity toward certain forms of behavior |
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| The Father of Criminology |
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Definition
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| Criminals are a throw back to a savage, lower phase of human evolutioin |
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Definition
| Biological Trait Theory (expanded) |
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| Study of body types (Sheldon) |
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Definition
| made the argument for the connection between biology and behavior linked to social variables |
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| The Psychogenic Approach and Medical Model |
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Definition
| Psychiatry and Psychology |
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Definition
| medical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal behavior |
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| a behavioral science that associates mental processes with behavior |
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| Sigmund Freud and Erikson |
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The unconscious mind consisted of the Id, Ego, and Superego
Crime is the outgrowth of the repressed, unconscious, emotional traumas of childhood |
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Definition
| Identity crisis and latent delinquents |
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| delinquency experts who believe that aggression is a function of the level of an individual's need for stimulation or arousal from the enviroment |
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Definition
| competition for scarce resources has influenced and shaped the human species |
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| A branch of psychology concerned with the study of observable behavior rather than unconscious processes, focuses on particular stimuli and response to them. |
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Definition
| postulates that a person's learning and social experiences combined with his/her values and expectations, determine behavior |
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| Social Learning Theory, Basic assumption |
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Definition
| children will model their behavior according to the reactions they receive from others, either positive or negative |
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| Sociology, Basic assumption |
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Definition
| Deviant behavior is inherently social in nature, there must be involvement with other people |
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Definition
| Social Disorganization Theory |
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| Social Organization Theory |
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Definition
| Used Concentric zone study and showed that poverty is related to crime |
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| Social Strain Theory, Basic assumption |
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Definition
| delinquent behavior is the result of social circumstances in which individuals/groups experience confusion or disruption. |
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Definition
| Social Strain Theory, Concept of Anomie |
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| a high degree of confusion and contradiction in its basic social norm |
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| Social Strain Theory, General Strain Theory |
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Definition
| anomie results from the inability to get ahead in life; in the anomic state, the lower class turn to crime to succeed |
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| Merton Typology of Modes of Adaptive Behavior |
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Definition
| Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion |
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Definition
| Theory of Delinquent Subcultures |
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| Theory of Delinquent Subcultures, Basic Assumption |
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Definition
| lower-class boys want to achieve success and higher social status, just like middle and upper class boys |
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Definition
| Theory of Differential Opportunity |
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| Theory of Differential Opportunity, Basic Assumption |
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Definition
| combined strain and social disorganization principles of Merton/ Cohen into gang sustaining delinquent subculture |
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Definition
| youth are recruited into established criminal gangs to provide a training ground for a successful delinquent career |
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| The Conflict-Oriented Gang |
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Definition
| Gang members fight for to protect their own and their gang's integrity and honor |
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| The Retreatist-Oriented Gang |
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Definition
| Ones that are unable to gain success through legitimate means and unwilling to do so through illegitimate means |
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| Differential Association Theory |
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Definition
| Delinquent behavior is an expression of general needs and values, but it is not excused by those general needs and values |
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