Term
|
Definition
| coping with the external world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research intended for practical use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a theory to guide practical uses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research intended to develop theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an intensive investigation of a single individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a theory to explain a broad variety of observations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a concept used in a theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the usefulness of a theoretical term, evidened by an accumlation of research findings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in an experiment, the group not exposed to the experimental treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research method that examines that relationships among measurements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effect in an experimental study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
theoretical task of identifying the units of personality, with particular emphasis on the differences between people
Interpret: how to understand one's dynamic or one's life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assumption that phenomena have causes that can be discovered by empirical research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formation or change (of personality) over time
Interpret: biological factors, or how people change over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence against a theory; observations that contract the predictions of a hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the motivational aspect of personality
Interpret: how to understand one's dynamic or one's life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combining ideas from a variety of theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on scientific evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the group exposed to the experimental treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistically derived, quantitative dimension of personality that is broader than most traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a prediction to be tested by research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focusing on one individual |
|
|
Term
| implicit theories of personality |
|
Definition
| ideas about personality that are held by ordinary people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cause that is manipulated by the researcher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| qualities that make one person different from another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involving comparisons with other indivduals; research based on groups of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure for measuring a theoretical construct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a basic theoretical model, shared by various theorists and researchers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the underlying cause within the person of individual behavior and experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the application of a personality theory to the study of an individual's life; different from a case study because of its theoretical emphasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures that permit expression of various amounts of something, such as a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consistency, as when a measurement is repeated at another time or by another observer, with similar results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the method of knowing based on systematic observation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consistent styles of behavior and emotional reactions present from early life onward, presumably caused by biological factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theoretical statement about relationships among theoretical constructs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a conceptual tool, consisting of systematically organized constructs and propositions, for understanding certain specified phenomena |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| personality characteristic that makes one person different from another and/or the describes an individual's personality |
|
|
Term
| true experimental research |
|
Definition
| research strategy that manipulates a cause to determine its effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a category of people with similar characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desirable characteristic of a test, indicating that it actually does measure what it is intended to measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in research, a measurement of something across various people (or times or situations), which takes on different values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a theory to be tested by empirical procedures, resulting in confirmation or disconfirmation |
|
|
Term
| What is criteria for a good theory? |
|
Definition
| verifiable, applied value, comprehensive, parsimony, heuristic value. |
|
|
Term
| What does personality theory study? |
|
Definition
| Description, dynamics, and development |
|
|
Term
| How do traits, factors, and types differ from another? |
|
Definition
Traits are more narrow and have precise description of personality focused on characteristics, but quantitative like factors
Types are categories of people with similar characteristics
Factors are more broad but are quantitative like traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mechanisms by which personality is expressed and often focuses on the motivational aspect thru
a) adaption and adjustment
b) cognitive processes
c) culture |
|
|
Term
| How do cognitive processes and culture relate to personality dynamics? |
|
Definition
Thru cognitive processes, one's experience and ideas effect personality dynamics by predicting behavior and coping.
Culture helps some motivation thru direct people driven or shaping thru their own culture |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between theory and research? |
|
Definition
| Research leads to theory and theory leads to research |
|
|
Term
| How can personality be measured? |
|
Definition
| Reliability (test-retest, alternative forms, and split half reliability), validity, direct self reports, open ended questions, projective tests, behavioral measures, objective measures |
|
|
Term
| What is the strength and weaknesses of psychobiography? |
|
Definition
+ looks beyond the individual
- lacks statistical advantages and a control variable |
|
|
Term
| Why might you use eclecticism? |
|
Definition
| Since theories may have different areas of usefulness for your own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not propose an excessive number of narrow constructs or propositions if a smaller number of broad constructs could explain the phenomena under consideration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability of a theory to suggest new ideas for further theory and research |
|
|
Term
| direct self-report measures |
|
Definition
| respond to specific (usually multiple choice) questions |
|
|
Term
| What contributes to unreliability? |
|
Definition
| shorter tests, unrelated items, ambiguously worded tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Respondent's intentional distortion, misunderstanding of test items, lack of knowledge or insight about material being asked |
|
|
