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| Philosophical idea that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable and necessary consequence of antecedent states of affairs. |
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| philosophical term for a particular capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives; one's accomplishments (why sustained effort and creative work are praiseworthy); the autonomy and dignity of persons; the value we accord to love and friendship. |
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| a mental process out of direct awareness |
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| the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning |
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| two ideas or images combined into a single symbol |
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| reduces the anxiety associated with instinctive desires |
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| Awareness of one's own existence, sensations, thoughts, surroundings, etc.; fully sensitive to something; having the mental faculties fully active. |
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| dealing with things external to the mind; belonging to the object of thought rather than tot he thinking subject; pertaining to something that can be known, or to something that is an object or a part of an object; existing independent of thought or an observer as part of reality. |
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| existing in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to the object of thought; pertaining to or characteristic of an individual; personal |
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| What is this quote in reference to? "The power of minds to be about, to represent, or to stand for, things, properties, and states of affairs." |
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| The ability of the mind to form representations |
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| What are 3characteristics of Intentionality? |
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| It is a characteristic of all acts of consciousness...mindfulness...as opposed to mystical |
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| The organization of the psychological or social traits and tendencies of a personality into a harmonious whole. |
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| the understanding of a specific cause and effect in a specific context; the act or result of understanding the inner nature of things or of seeing intuitively. |
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| What is Insight called in the Greek language? |
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| the power of acute observation and deduction, penetration, discernment, perception; an understanding of cause and effect based on identification of relationships and behaviors within a model, context, or scenario. |
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| Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state, mental processes, etc.; the act of looking within oneself. |
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| Four domains of Introspection |
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| Cognition, Behavior, Affect, and Spiritual |
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| Identity & Genuineness (4 factors) |
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| Self-in-relation, self-in-context, authentic, and prizing |
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| Adler was the "1st" what? |
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| What is unique about Individual Psychology? |
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Definition
| Emphasis on unique nature of individual, unique nature of the person, and understanding of individual within socially embedded contexts of family culture, school, and work. |
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| What does Dr. Rainer say is very important to remember about Individual Psychology? |
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| A psychologist posing the question, "Tell me where you come from" would most likely be practicing what form of psychology? |
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| Whose childhood experiences helped form his psychological theory? |
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| Adler-----death of his sickly brother |
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| Who thought we need to find good relationships to maintain our sense of integrity? |
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| Individual Psychology theorizes that human nature is driven by what? |
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| Relational needs rather than sexual needs |
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| Adler says what is the worst thing....Why? |
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Definition
| Apathy....because there is no energy in that. |
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| What are 6 factors of Human Nature according to Individual Psychologists? |
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Definition
| Conscious focus, choice/responsibility, meaning in life, strivings, perfection, positive |
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| What does Adler say about feelings of inferiority? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 4 characteristics listed under "Lifestyle" in Individual Psychology? |
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Definition
Core beliefs and assumptions
Connecting themes and rules of interaction
Provides meaning to action
"Perception of self, others, and world" |
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| Which theory of psychology does this apply to? "Perfection is ideal, but 'good-enough' is ok, too." |
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Definition
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| What are 4 fundamental concepts of Individual Psychology? |
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Definition
1.) Consciousness is the center of personality
2.) Growth model
3.) Social interest
4.) Inferiority is not such a terrible thing to start with |
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| Positive capacities push toward living fully in socially interested way. |
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| Sense of belonging and holding significant place in society |
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| Dr. Rainer says your lifestyle has a lot to do with what? |
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Definition
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| In what theory is it that you can find what is broken, but mend it back together...like pieces of a stained glass window. |
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Definition
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| According to Adlerian theory, there are four factors/characteristics associated with Inferiority. What are they? |
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Definition
1.) Early determining force in behavior
2.) Source of human striving
3.) Wellspring of creativity
4.) Compensatory |
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Term
| What is Social Interest according to Adlerian theory? What is it as important as? |
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Definition
| Concern for others; as important as self-concern |
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Term
| Social interest is the capacity to what? |
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Definition
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| This is an important factor to Social Interest in Adlerian theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 universal life tasks according to Adlerian theory? |
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Definition
1- Building friendships (social task)
2- Establishing intimacy (love-marriage task)
3- Contributing to society (occupational task) |
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Term
| What theory does this apply to? Aim of therapy: to assist clients in modifying lifestyle to move more effectively and navigate universal life tasks. |
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Definition
| Adlerian/Individualist Theory |
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Term
| What three things are significant about Birth Order? |
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Definition
1.) Psychological positions
2.) Increases probability of having a certain set of experiences
3.) Look for interpretation of place in the family |
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Term
| What is IMPORTANT to note about the three universal tasks in Individualistic/Adlerian theory? |
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Definition
| These 3 are interconnected, but it is easier/better to work on them one at a time. |
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Term
| What are 6 characteristics of an Oldest child? |
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Definition
1.) Receives attention during time as only child
2.) Dependable, hard working, strives to "keep ahead."
3.) New sibling causes deposing from favored position
4.) Reasserts position be becoming model child
5.) Bossy
6.) High achievement drive |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristics of the Second child? |
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Definition
1.) Shares attention
2.) In a race with the oldest; full steam ahead
3.) Competitive struggle with the oldest
4.) Tends to be opposite of firstborn |
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| What are 4 characteristics of the Middle child? |
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Definition
1.) "Squeezed out," "poor me"
2.) Feels that life is unfair
3.) In conflictual families, plays peacemaker
4.) Larger families, easy-going, social, aligns with firstborn |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristics of the Youngest child? |
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Definition
1.) Baby of the family
2.) Pampered child
3.) Helplessness as an art form
4.) Tend to go their own way |
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| 4 characteristics of an Only child: |
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Definition
1.) Shares characteristics of the oldest child
2.) Does not learn to cooperate
3.) Deals well with adults
4.) Center stage and does not want to be challenged |
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| How do we help people change (in Adlerian theory)? |
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Definition
A. Identify mistaken beliefs about self, others, life
B. Self-defined goals
C. Focus on social interest
D. Neutralize feelings of discouragement
E. Change faulty motivation
F. Re-Educate individual and reshape society |
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Term
| What is the Therapy Goal of Individual Psych? |
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Definition
| To modify lifestyle to more effectively navigate.. the person has to want to fix things; needs to come from the inside-out. We need to encourage, rather than discourage...in many ways, the therapist is a coach. |
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| Style of Life (in Individual Psych) |
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Definition
1.) Individual way of thinking
2.) Worldview that determines ability to cope with life tasks
3.) Synonymous with personality |
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Definition
| Basic convictions and assumptions that underlie lifestyle patterns; explains how behaviors fit together to provide consistency. |
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| What is the cornerstone of Adler's theory? |
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Definition
| The concept of the purposeful nature of behavior. |
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| What is a basic assumption of Individual Psychology? |
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Definition
| That we can only think, feel, and act in relation to our goal; we can be fully understood only in light of knowing the purposes and goals toward which we are striving. |
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Term
| Adlerians do not minimize the importance of past influences, but they assume that most decisions are based on what three things? |
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Definition
| Based on the person's experiences, on the present situation, and on the direction in which the person is moving. |
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| What is "fictional finalism?" |
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Definition
| Adlerian term used to refer to an imagined life goal that guides a person's behavior. |
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| What 2 terms did Adler replace the term "fictional finalism" with? |
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Definition
| "Guiding self-ideal" and "Goal of Perfection" |
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Term
| What re 4 synonyms of "lifestyle?" |
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Definition
| Plan of life, style of life, strategy for living, and road map of life. |
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Term
| Who said this: "We can begin wherever we choose: every expression will lead us in the same direction- toward the one motive, the one melody,around which the personality is built." |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "Lifestyle" (as defined in our text)? |
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Definition
| The connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions. |
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Term
| What does "lifestyle" include (according to our text)? |
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Definition
| It is described as our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world. It includes an individual's characteristic way of thinking, acting, feeling, living, and striving toward long-term goals. |
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Term
| In the Individualist perspective, people are viewed as adopting a _________ approach, rather than a reactive one. |
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Definition
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| What are Adler's two most significant and distinctive concepts? |
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Definition
| Social interest and community feeling |
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Term
| What do Adler's terms "Social interest" and "community interest" refer to? |
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Definition
| Individuals' awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals' attitudes in dealing with the real world. |
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Term
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Definition
| The action line of one's community feeling, and it involves being as concerned about others as one is about oneself....involves the capacity to cooperate and communicate. |
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| When does social interest begin? |
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Definition
| In childhood and involves helping children to find a place in society and acquire a sense of belonging, as well as the ability to make a contribution. |
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| Adler equated social interest with what? |
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Definition
| A sense of identification and empathy with others. |
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| What is a central belief of Individual Psychology? |
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Definition
| That our happiness and success are largely connected to social connectedness. |
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Term
| Define: Community feeling |
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Definition
| It embodies the feeling of being connected to all of humanity-past, present, and future-and to being involved in making the world a better place. |
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Term
| According to the Individualist Perspective, ____________ is why people seek therapy.. |
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Definition
| They are struggling to successfully meet one or more of the three life task: building friendships, intimacy, and contribution to society. |
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Term
| What is a strength of the Adlerian approach? |
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Definition
| Its flexibility and integrative nature. |
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| What is ANOTHER contribution of the Adlerian approach? |
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Definition
| It is suited to brief, time-limited therapy. |
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| Adler paved the way for current developments in what two therapies? |
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Definition
| Cognitive and Constructivist therapies. |
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| What is an obstacle/challenge Adlerians currently face? |
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Definition
| The challenge of continuing to develop their approach so that it meets the needs of contemporary global society. |
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Term
| How can Existential Theory be best described as? |
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Definition
| A philosophical approach that influences a counselor's therapeutic approach. |
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Term
| How do Yalom and Josselson capture the essence of the Exist Approach? |
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Definition
| It is an attitude toward human suffering that has no manual. It asks deep questions about the nature of the human being and the nature of anxiety, despair, grief, loneliness, isolation, and anomie. It also deals centrally with the questions of meaning, creativity, and love. |
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Term
| Exist therapy focuses on exploring what 6 themes? |
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Definition
| Mortaility, meaning, freedom, responsibility, anxiety, and loneliness, as they relate to a person's current struggle. |
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Term
| What is the goal of Exist therapy? |
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Definition
| To assist clients in their exploration of the existential "givens of life" and how addressing them can lead to a deeper, more reflective, and meaningful existence. |
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Term
| What does the Exist approach reject? |
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Definition
| The deterministic view of human nature espoused by traditional psychoanalysis and radical behaviorism. |
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| What assumption is Exist therapy grounded on? |
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Definition
| We are free and therefore responsible for our choices and actions; we are the authors of our lives, and we design the pathways we follow. |
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| What is a basic premise of Exist therapy? |
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Definition
| We are not victims of circumstance because we are what we choose to be. |
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| What is the first step in the Exist therapy journey? |
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Definition
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| Where/when did the Exist movement get its start? |
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Definition
| In Europe, after WWII; people struggles with feelings of isolation, alienation, and meaningless. |
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