Term
| The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 main things that go into motor control |
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Definition
Task
Environment
Individual |
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Term
| Name the 3 aspects of the Individual part of motor control. |
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Definition
Action
Perception
Cognition |
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Term
| CNS regulation and organization of muscles and joints during a functional activity (walk, jump, sit, etc) |
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Definition
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Term
| Integration of sensory information into meaningful information |
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Definition
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Term
| Understanding where your limbs are in space |
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Definition
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Term
| Intent that drives a motor task |
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Definition
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Term
| Nature of a ___ determines the movement required. What you are doing affects how you move. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a few functional tasks |
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Definition
bed mobility
gait
transfers
ADLs |
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Term
| Give an example of a discrete task. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a continuous task |
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Definition
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Term
| Doing the same thing over and over |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffrent things occurring, new things (not the same repetitive action) |
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Definition
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Term
| A task that is done while standing still. Maintaining postural control. |
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Definition
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Term
| A task that is done while moving. |
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Definition
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Term
| A complicated task that involved multiple movements at once. |
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Definition
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Term
Arrange these task in order of lowest to highest level of difficulty.
-Mobility
-Manipulation
-Stability |
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Definition
Stability
Mobility
Manipulation |
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Term
| Name 2 ways to manipulate the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Aspects of the environment that shape the movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reaching to pick up a coffee cup requires a different movement than reaching to pick up a large glass. What type of environment is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement does not have to conform to these features in the environment. Can affect performance. Noise and distractions. Movement does not change. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of non-regulatory environment |
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Definition
| Sport game. Throwing a ball is the same whether at home alone or in front of thousands of people. The environment is what changed. |
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Term
| This theory states that a complex behavior is the combined action of individual reflexes chained together. All movement comes from reflexes. You build upon reflexes to move normally. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 5 limitation to the Reflex Theory. |
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Definition
1. Spontaneous and voluntary movements are not initiated by an outstide stimulus
2. Movement can occur without sensory stimulus (video of spinalized cat)
3. Movement can occur faster than sensory stimulus
4. Single stimulus can produce varying results
5. Novel "new" movements are not explained |
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Term
| This theory hypothesized that higher cognitive centers are in control of the lower centers. Normal motor development in children can be attributed to increasing corticalization of the CNS. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 areas in the hierarchical theory. |
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Definition
Cortex
Midbrain
Brainstem and spinal cord |
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Term
| Name the limitations or current concepts of Hierarchical Control. |
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Definition
1. Top down control is not always true (burn hand on stove)
2. Lower levels can exert control over higher levels
3. Each level of the CNS can act on the other depending upon the task |
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Term
| Why is top down control not always true? |
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Definition
| Reflexes can take back over to have a faster movement when needed, like when you burn your hand on the stove, you don't think it thru, you just jerk your hand back. |
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Term
| Neuro-facilitation approaches for treating pts with UMN injuries were developed from what 2 theories of motor control? |
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Definition
Reflex theory
Hierarchical theory |
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Term
| Key points of control for inhibiting abnormal synergistic patterns |
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Definition
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Term
| Facilitating and inhibiting movement through sensory stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lay down gross diagonal motor patterns in the CNS and facilitate movement with sensory stimulation |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 techniques still used today that can from both the reflex and hierarchical theories. |
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Definition
NDT (Neurodevelopmental treatment technique)
Rood
Brunnstrom
PNF |
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Term
| Patterns of movement can be activated by sensory stimulus or central processes |
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Definition
| Motor Programming Theories |
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Term
| Name 2 motor programming theories |
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Definition
Central Pattern Generators
Central Motor Pattern |
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Term
| Specific neural circuit that is hardwired. Spinal walking with cats. |
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Definition
| Central Pattern Generators |
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Term
| Rules for generating movements; rules can be applied in a variety of settings. Perform name writing exercise. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of motor programming theories? |
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Definition
| We want to retrain movements for a functional task, not just movements in isolation. We also want to relearn the correct rules for a movement so they can apply it in different situations |
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Term
| This theory incorporates the whole body, gravity, and inertia not just the CNS, into movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory recognizes that we have multiple degrees of freedom in the body and that there is a hierarchical control to activate synergies to control degrees of freedom. |
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Definition
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Term
| This movement pattern has less variability. There are lots of muscle co-contracting. |
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Definition
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Term
| This movement pattern has greater variability (common with new tasks or prior to changing to a more stable pattern). Fluidity. More functional |
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Definition
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Term
| There are 2 ways to pick your foot up off the floor. |
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Definition
1. Flexion synergy
2. Extension synergy |
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Term
| Name the clinical implications of the Systems Theory |
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Definition
1. Must examine the MS system as well as the CNS for loss of motor control.
2. Explore variable movement pattern to achieve performance goals |
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Term
| What is the main limitation of the Systems Theory? |
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Definition
| Does not include all environmental factors |
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Term
| Name the 3 aspects of the Ecological Theory |
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Definition
1. Goal oriented behavior
2. Perceptions guide behavior
3. Environment is a large factor in movement |
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Term
| This theory believes that patients should explore different ways to accomplish a task. That if they do not want to do something, they aren't going to do it. It also matters whethere the patient believes they can do it or if they think that it is just too hard. |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory says that reflexes drive movement. Sensory stimulation causes actions. |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory goes with the top-down approach: brain>midbrain>spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory believes that central motor pattern control movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory says that synergies of movement controls degrees of freedome. |
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Definition
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Term
| This theory combines goals, perception, and the environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the newest theory out that states that you cannot use just one of the theories but its best to put them all together. |
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Definition
| Integrated Theory of motor control |
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Term
| __ approaches have evolved to include function not just suppression of reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 aspects of a task oriented or motor learning approach. |
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Definition
1. Developed from newer theories of motor control
2. Treatment based on functional tasks
3. Learn by solving problems
4. Must be able to adapt to changes in the environment |
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