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| A return to the concern for the earthly life. |
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| The revival of interest in humanism and emergence of feudalism, growth of cities and focused on princes as powers. |
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| He collected ancient manuscripts and urged scholars to study ancient Greece. He modeled himself after Seneca. |
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| Plays were rediscovered and this brought around many scholars whom brought the Greek manuscripts to Italy. This allowed all the old classic Greek and Roman plays to be published. |
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| Introduction of the Printing Press |
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| 1465 the printing press was brought into Italy spreading the classical Greek and Roman plays. |
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| He wrote The Casket (La Cassaria) at court in new vernacular drama format. |
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| Written by Horace was published in the 1550's. |
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| Written by Aristotle was published in a Latin translation and later into Italian. |
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| "The appearance of truth" |
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| Little plays put on between acts in court. OFten they were compared to choral interludes of Greek Drama. |
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| Experiments in the theater. |
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| Group that developed Opera. |
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| The first opera often just chanted to musical accompaniment. |
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| His work marks the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music, and during his long life he produced works that may be classified in both categories. |
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| He wrote De Architechtura which was on Greek and Roman theater building. |
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| They wanted to reconstruct the Roman stage. |
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| He led the Roman Academy rebuilding the Roman theater. |
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| His play was the first one to be reconstructed from the original with a new fascade either straight or angled. |
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| The concept of having one vanishing point and the stage build around that. |
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| He wrote Architettura which encouraged perspective settings. |
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| He wrote a manual for constructing theatrical scenes and machines. He explained two new ways on how to change a set. |
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| Three Basic Elements of Italian Setting |
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| Side wings, Back shutters, and overhead boarders. |
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| He invented the chariot and pole, which had slits in the stage and made scene changes quick and simple. |
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| This allowed scenic splendor to be available to the general public. |
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| This was build by Palladio and was the first Renaissance theater without a precenium. |
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| Finished Palladio's work on the Teatro Olympico and added perspective with the scenic backdrops. |
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| Little theater built by Scamozzi for comedy plays. |
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| The oldest surviving structure with a permanent proscenium arch. |
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| He constructed the Teatro Farnese. |
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| Venetian Public Opera House |
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| Set the pit box and gallery prototype for theaters. |
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| Footlighting, candles and oil, etc. |
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| Two Fundamental Characteristics of Commedia dell Arte |
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| Stock characters and improvisations |
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| He wrote the oldest fifty scenarios. |
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| Two Catagories of Commedia del Arte Character Types |
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| Two Catagories of Servants |
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| One clever, and one stupid. |
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| middle-aged elderly merchant. |
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| Usually a doctor or lawyer and a rival of Pantalone. |
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| These groups traveled and performed their commedia del arte pieces and had specific characters and relationships. |
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| 9 Year Old leader in 1610. |
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| Mother of Louis X111 and hired Richelieu. |
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| He followed new civil wars, and gets Palais Carinal- his theater in court and when he died it becomes Palais Royal. He gets Torrelli to bring Italian scene design to the Petit Bourbon, and because it was successful he brought it to his theater too. |
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| Louis XIV moved all of the noblemen to live there so he could keep an eye on them. This became the symbol of absolute power and aided in leading to the French Revolution a century later. |
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| Only 5 years old when he took the throne. |
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| He was the major force behind Louis XIV. He was Italian and used his position to become rich, therefore was very disliked. |
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| Seven French writers addressed itself primarily to the educated classes. |
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| The creators sought to unite dramatic plot, song, dance, and spectacle in the "unique manner". |
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| Ballet Comique de la Reyne |
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| a french version on the intermezzi and english masques |
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| Stories that developed by various allegorical and mythological figures and ended with the triumph of reason and virtue praising French Kings. |
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| The Ballet Comique de la Reyne was staged in this theater which was one of the most important court theaters in the seventeenth century. |
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| (The Brotherhood of Passion) had a monopoly on theatrical production in Paris. They built the Hotel de Bourgogne. |
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| Before it was built religious plays were banned, and it was built by the Confrerie. |
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| France's first professional dramatist- was inspired by Spanish writers. He did not stick specifically to neoclassical form, although he did keep some of those elements. He wrote tragicomedy and pastoral plays. |
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| The first important French actor manager. He was in the King's Players. |
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| He was originally a member of the Kings Company but later left to join Gueru and LeGrand and became the Royal Company. When not on tour, they returned to the Hotel de Bourgogne. |
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| The only permanent theater in Paris. First floor was taken up entirely by the pit, with no permanent seats. The only other place to perform was at tennis courts. |
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| These turned into stages. It was the first instance when woman could act on stage. |
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| He wrote in verses and the me'lite comedy. He wrote Le Cid, a treagedy. |
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| This was converted from a tennis court to become a public theater. Both were court theaters. |
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| Architectual Characteristics in Public Theaters in France |
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| There was standing areas below and box seating as well. The auditorium capacities were about 1500 people. The stage would be built on a slope and be raised about 6 feet off of the ground. They also began using a curtain. |
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| They took up permanent residents of the Hotel du Bourgogne. |
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| He lead the rival acting troupe to the Royal Company and is sometimes called the first great French actor. |
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| This was the first theater in france to have a permanent proscenium arch. (court theater) |
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| Giaccomo Torrelli (in France!) |
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| He brought the chariot and pole to bothe Petit Bourbon and the Palais Royal. |
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| This was recreated into an italian style theater and was the King's theater. (court) |
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| The French were now incorporating intensive machinery to their shows. They called them "machine plays". |
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| Allegorical stories spoken and pantomimed by performers in elaborates patterns in a ballroom. |
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| He was famous for scenic design and building of theaters. He hated Torrelli and tears down the Petit Bourbon. He then constructed the largest theater in Europe called the Salle des Machines. It had poor acoustics. |
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| Scenes in dialogue alternating with ballet entries |
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| He was destined to become the founder of French opera. |
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| He was a successor of Corneille and worked under Moliere who produced his works. He wrote the great tragedy "Phedre" and left Moliere in 1664. He was strictly neo-classical. |
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| Wrote amazing shows such as Tartuffe. He is also known by his real name Jean Baptiste Poquelin. He wrote comedies based on contemporary society. |
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