Term
| Where does the spinal cord terminate, and what is the special name for that? |
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Definition
| L1 or L2, conus medullaris |
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Term
| The dura and arachnoid mater extend to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous extension of the pia mater the extends into the coccygeal canal to attach to the posterior coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of spinal nerves emerging from the end of the spinal cord |
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Term
| projections/parts of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| dorsal horns (posterior), lateral horns, ventral horns (anterior), and the gray commisure |
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Term
| Where are lateral horns found? |
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Definition
| in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the cord |
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Term
| The dorsal horns contain _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| interneurons and sensory fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| cell bodies of sensory neurons that make up an enlarged part of the dorsal root just medial to the spinal nerve |
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Term
| The ventral horns contain _____. |
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Definition
| cell bodies of motor neurons of the somatic nervous system |
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Term
| The spinal nerves are _____ nerves because _____. |
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Definition
| mixed nerves, they contain both sensory and motor fibers |
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Term
| The white matter of the spinal cord is almost bisected by _____. |
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Definition
| the ventral median fissure and the dorsal median sulcus |
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Term
| The white matter is composed of _____. |
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Definition
| myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers |
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Term
| The white matter is divided into _____, which are called _____. |
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Definition
| white columns; dorsal, ventral, and lateral funiculi |
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Term
| Each funiculi is composed of _____. |
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Definition
| a number of fiber tracts composed of axons of the same origin, terminus, and function |
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Term
| How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pairs of spinal nerves of each section of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| 8 cervical (C1-C8), 12 thoracic (T1-T12), 5 lumbar (L1-L5), 5 sacral (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal (Co1) |
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Term
| Why are the cervical nerves named for the vertebra below, and the rest of the spinal nerves are named for the vertebra above? |
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Definition
| the first cervical nerve leaves the canal b/w the base of the occupital bone and the atlas, so there are 8 cervical nerves |
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Term
| Almost immediately after emerging, each nerve divides into _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| complex networks of nerves formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers that have diverged from the plexuses; contain fibers from more than one spinal nerve |
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Term
| the four major plexuses and their nerves |
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Definition
| cervical (C1-C5), brachial (C5-T1), lumbar (L1-L4), sacral (L4-S4) |
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Term
| Why is there no plexus from T2-T12? |
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Definition
| the ventral rami pass anteriorly as intercostal nerves |
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Term
| major nerve of the cervical plexus |
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Definition
| phrenic - C3-C5; innervates diaphragm |
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Term
| divisions of the brachial plexus |
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Definition
| trunks (upper C5-C6, middle C7, lower C8-T1), divisions (anterior and posterior), cords (lateral, medial, posterior), and 5 major peripheral nerves |
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Term
| What are the major peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
| musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, and axillary |
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Term
| The lateral cord gives rise to _____, the medial cord _____, and the posterior cord _____. |
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Definition
| musculocutaneous and median, median and ulnar, radial and axillary |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, and the skin on the anterolateral forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, pronator muscles, intrinsic muscles of the lateral hand, and the skin of the lateral 2/3 of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus, most intrinsic muscles of the hand, and the skin of the medial 1/3 of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, and the skin of the posterolateral surface of the entire arm |
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Term
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Definition
| innervates deltoid, teres minor, and the skin of the shoulder region |
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Term
| largest nerve of the lumbar plexus and innervation |
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Definition
| femoral nerve-innervates the anterior thigh muscles (quadriceps and sartorius) |
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Term
| sacral plexus main nerve, branches, and innervations |
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Definition
| sciatic-branches into the tibial nerve (innervates hamstrings, adductor magnus, tibialis posterior, popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, intrinsic muscles of the foot, and skin of posterior leg and sole of foot) and the common fibular nerve (innervates short head of biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, fibularis muscles, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum muscles, and skin of anterior and lateral leg and dorsum of foot) |
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Term
| What is the largest nerve of the body? |
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Definition
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