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| by Sabastian Brant in 1494: satire of the materialism of the clergy |
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| Fake document. It stated that Constantine had "donated" the Western half of the Roman Empire to the Pope in thanks for being cured of leprosy by Pope Sylvester I. |
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| Most respected scholar in Northern Europe during the 16th century. Dedicated his life to studying ancient texts to better understand basic Christian beliefs |
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| Satire by Erasmus. Satirizes society's ignorance & superstition, haughtiness of nobility & scholars, & called the papacy "the disease of Christiandom" |
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| an official pardon from the pope - during 16th century the church gave indulgences for money |
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| Dominican friar who Pope Leo used as a "salesman" for indulgences - helped to pay for construction of St. Peter's cathedral |
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| Constructed St. Peter's - was Pope during the Reformation. |
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| Monk - studied at Univ of Wittenberg - believed that "acts" couldn't gain entry to heaven - faith was important. His writings began the Reformation |
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| Luther's list of church practices he wanted to reform. |
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| German prince who protected Luther |
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| The Pope gave Luther a "hearing" in Worms - edict from the trial banned Luther's work and stated that anyone had the right to murder Luther |
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| Luther's wife (an ex-nun). Luther wanted monks, priests & nuns to be able to marry. |
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| The name for the new churches who left the Catholic community to follow Luther's rules. They "protested" against the Catholic church. |
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| Outlines the basic beliefs of Protestantism |
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| (1555) the treaty signed by Charles V (holy roman emperor) - entitled each prince or city to choose its religion (Catholic or Lutheran) |
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| leader of the Swiss reformation - more radical than Luther |
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| 2nd generation Swiss reformer. His God was forceful & intolerant while Luther's was merciful & forgiving. Ruled Geneva under very strict protestant rules. |
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| The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
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| by John Calvin Code of religious behavior. Tenets: pre-determination; should show worthiness by "acts" |
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| Huguenots & Catholics fought very bloody wars against each other in France. This treaty was meant to end the fighting |
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| leader of Huguenots. Murdered on the orders of Catherine de Medici (who had married Henry II, king of France & was mother to Charles, the current king). Head sent to pope. Catholics believed this was a cue that they could murder protestants freely - they did. |
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| Charles' brother. Henry III became king was Charles died. Made protestantism legal, hoping to create peace. |
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| created by Catholics after Henry III made Protestantism legal to continue to fight Huguenots. Supported by (Catholic) Spain & the pope |
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| Henry Navarre (a protestant). Became king of France when Catholic League forced Henry III to flee. Henry III made Henry of Navarre his heir. When he became king he converted to Catholicism and issued the Edict of Nantes: France was officially Catholic, but allowed Protestants to worship freely |
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| Summoned by Pope Paul III to reform & revitalize the Catholic Church. Outlawed indulgences and provided for better-trained clergy. Kept ceremony, saints, and salvation through the church. |
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| founded the Jesuits who led the Counter-Reformation. Salvation through spiritual life. |
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| written by Ignatius de Loyola. Rules for a spiritual life. |
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