Term
| Four major religious movements produced by the Reformation |
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Definition
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
Anabaptism |
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Term
| Martin Luther/Lutheranism |
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Definition
Lutherans believed the only path to salvation was complete faith (not good works, sacraments, etc).
They also believed the only source of Christian doctrine was the Bible.
Martin Luther translated the Bible into German. |
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Definition
| Dominican friar who sold indulgences, prompting Luther to write his 95 theses |
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Term
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Definition
| Churchmen would sell these to laypeople with the promise that it would reduce their time in purgatory |
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Term
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Definition
| Emporer Charles V ordered Martin Luther to appear before this diet and recant his teachings. Luther refused and was declared an outlaw. |
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Term
City where Lutheranism started
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Definition
Wittenburg
Luther taught at the university, and after he was declared an outlaw Prince Frederick gave him refuge there and he reformed their church |
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Term
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Definition
| Peasants in German states who were burdened with heavy taxes and obligations to landowners began to revolt in the name of Luther. They hoped for his support, but he was a conservative on social issue and opposed them & their violence/supported the princes. |
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Term
The Diet of Augsburg
(1530) |
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Definition
| Luther appeared before Charles V and presented a statement of his faith (the Confession of Augsburg). It was found unacceptable. |
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Term
The Schmalkaldic League
(1531) |
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Definition
| A religious and military alliance of German Lutheran princes against the Catholic Hapsburgs; eventually, they reached an agreement, the Peace of Augsburg, with the Catholics |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreement reached between the German Lutheran princes and the Catholic Hapsburgs that gave each prince the right to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism for their state |
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Term
Ulrich Zwingli
(1484-1531) |
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Definition
| Priest who led Zurich in Switzerland to break from Roman Catholicism |
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Term
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Definition
| Stepped up to lead Swiss Protestants after Zwingli's death. Leader of Geneva's Reformation. Calvinism--believed in predestination |
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Term
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
(1536) |
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Definition
| Written by Calvin; one of the most important works of the reformation |
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Term
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Definition
Believed that Bible was the only source of church doctrine, also believed in predestination
Banned gambling, dancing, alcohol, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Calvin's belief that at the beginning of creation, God had planned the whole universe until the end of time. He knew if you would be saved before you were born; you can't do anything about it, really |
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Definition
| Strict, strict theocracy. Violators of the puritanical code & religious dissenters were severly punished. |
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Definition
Started in Switzerland, then spread to France (Huguenots), Scottland (Presbyterians), England (Puritans), and the Netherlands.
NOT Germany, Austria, and Poland |
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Term
Book of Common Prayer
(1549) |
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Definition
| Set forth ideas of the Anglican church (influenced by Protestant); written by Thomas Cranmer |
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Term
King Edward VI's effect on the English Church
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Definition
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Term
| Queen Mary's effect on the English Church |
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Definition
| Tried to return England to Roman Catholicism; persecuted Protestants (over 300 burned at the stake--"Bloody Mary"); angered subjects |
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Term
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Definition
| Wanted religious peace/unity; repealed Mary's pro-Catholic laws & established monarch as head of Anglican church; adopted a modified version of the Book of Common Prayer |
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Definition
| Queen Elizabeth I repealed Queen Mary's pro-Catholic laws & re-established the monarch-headed Anglican church |
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Term
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Definition
| Queen Elizabeth I adopted modified version of the Book of Common Prayer |
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Term
| Difference between Puritans & Separatists? |
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Definition
Puritans--wanted to PURIFY church
Separatists--wanted to LEAVE church |
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Term
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Definition
Did not believe in infant baptism or violence; did believe in separation of church and state.
Especially big in western Germany. |
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Term
Thomas Munzer
(1489-1525) |
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Definition
| German Anabaptist who preached of thorough religious reform AND the overthrow of the existing political/social order |
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Term
John of Leyden
(1509-1536) |
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Definition
| Dutch tailor/Anabaptist who headed a theocratic government in the city of Munster in Westphalia in Western Germany. All property was held in common. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moderate Anabaptist whose teachings of simplicity resulted in the Mennonite movement (Amish are an offshoot of this) |
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