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| rivers that begin in humid regions and then flow across dry areas |
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| an area where a spring bubbles to the surface |
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| groundwater that is not being replaced by rainfall |
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| world's largest region of active sand dunes- dunes that migrate over time. Receives, on average, less than 4 inches of rain. Oil reserves have been discovered beneath sands. |
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| Lies mostly in Iraq. In Greek, means "between two rivers." Wide plain which the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers flow. |
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| Branch of Islam. Chose Imams. Imams leaders of prayer. Make up 90% of Muslims. Found everywhere Islam has spread. |
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| People called Shia. Imam are descendants of Mohammad's family. Imam interpret texts as well as lead prayer. Political authority in Iran. |
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| line of hereditary rulers |
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| religious leaders in Muslim society |
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| arc of productive land in Mesopotamia area. |
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| group of people who speak the Pashtu language. |
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