Term
| T/F: Each skeletal muscle is an organ |
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Definition
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Term
| the skeletal muscles have three main functions, what are they? |
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Definition
| movement, support, stabilizing joints |
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Term
| which part of the muscle is the less movable point of attachment? |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the muscle is the more movable point? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Muscles can pull and push. |
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Definition
| False. Muscles can only pull, never push |
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Term
| T/F: As contraction occurs the origin moves towards the insertion |
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Definition
| False. Insertion moves towards the origin. |
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Term
| Give one example of a muscle (or group) support. |
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Definition
| ab muscles hold visceral organs in position |
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Term
| muscles that work in opposing pairs and limits and controls motions are called |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four functional groups that muscles can be classified as? |
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Definition
- prime mover
- antagonist
- synergist
- fixator |
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Term
| A prime mover muscle is also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A muscle that provides the major force for producing movement is known as a |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement and are stretched when a prime mover is contracted are known as |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Prime movers and antagonist muscles are located on the same side to increase the strength |
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Definition
| False. Located on opposite sides to create balance and control |
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Term
| These types of muscles help prime movers by adding a little extra force in the same direction or act as joint stabilizers (prevent other unwanted motion at a joint) |
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Definition
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Term
| these types of muscles holds bone in place; an example of this would be a muscle that maintains posture or immobilizes the scapula |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one fixator muscle on the posterior side. |
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Definition
- infraspinatus
- teres major
- rhomboid major
- latissimus dorsi |
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Term
| Longest muscle in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and your vastus medialis make up your ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| fibularis longus is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus make up the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| deepest hamstring, more medial |
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Definition
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Term
| Naming of skeletal muscles consists of 7 different methods. Name 5. |
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Definition
- location of the muscle
- size of the muscle
- action
- shape of the muscle
- direction of muscle fibers
- number of origins
- location of attachments |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the location |
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Definition
- temporalis (temporal region)
- frontalis (frontal region)
- intercostals (btwn ribs)
- biceps femoris (femoris = femur)
- occipitalis (occipital region)
ETC |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the shape |
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Definition
- deltoids (delta= triangle)
- trapezius (trapezoid) |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the relative size |
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Definition
maximus, major- largest
minimus, minor- smallest
longus- long
brevis- short
ex.
- gluteus maximus
- fibularis longus
- pectoralis major and minor |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the direction of muscle fibers |
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Definition
- rectus (fibers run straight)
- transversus/oblique (fibers run at an angle or right angle)
ex.
- rectus femoris
- transversus addominis
- external, internal obliques |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the number of origins |
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Definition
- biceps (2)
- triceps (3)
- quadriceps (4) |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the location of the attachments |
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Definition
ORIGIN ALWAYS NAMED FIRST
ex.
- sternocleidomastoid
- brachioradialis
- sternohyoid |
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Term
| example of a muscle named by the action |
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Definition
(flexor, extensor, adductor, supinator, pronator)
- pronator teres
- adductor longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| example of gliding movements |
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Definition
| intercarpal or intertarsal joints between vertebrae |
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Term
| these angular movements are done on the sagittal plane |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, hyperextension |
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Term
| angular movements done w/ limbs |
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Definition
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Term
| bending movement, decreasing the angle of the joint, brings articulating bones closer together |
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Definition
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Term
| increasing the angle between two articulating bones, usually to 180 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| extension where the angle exceeds 180 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| movement of a limb AWAY FROM the midline or median plane of the body, along the frontal plane |
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Definition
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Term
| movement of a limb TOWARDS the body midline or the midline of the hand/foot |
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Definition
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Term
| lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (walking on your heels) |
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Definition
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Term
| depressing the foot, pointing toes downward |
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Definition
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Term
| moving a limb so that its distal end draws a circle, consists of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction performed in succession |
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Definition
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Term
| what body part/s can you not rotate? |
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Definition
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Term
| turning of a bone around its own axis |
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Definition
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Term
(refers to movement of the radius around the ulna)
rotate the forearm laterally so that the palm faces superiorly or anteriorly (radius and ulna are parallel) |
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Definition
supination
think of "carry the soup" |
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Term
(refers to the movement of the radius around the ulna)
the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or interiorly
(radius rotates over the ulna, the two bones form an X) |
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Definition
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Term
| the sole of the foot moves medially, faces inward |
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Definition
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Term
| the sole of the foot moves laterally, faces outward |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| return the jaw to normal position after it has been protruded |
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Definition
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Term
| lift a body part superiorly, example- shrugging shoulders |
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Definition
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Term
| move the body part inferiorly |
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Definition
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Term
| touching the thumb to the tips of the other fingers |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the arrangement of the fascicles allow muscles? |
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Definition
| gives them different shapes and capabilities |
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Term
| muscle fascicles arrangement that run alongside the long axis of the muscle, ex. sartorius |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle fascicles arrangement with tapered ends, spindled shaped, and has an expanded belly, ex. biceps brachii |
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Definition
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Term
muscle fascicle arrangement that are short and attach obliquely ("feather"), can be bi- or uni-.
ex. rectus femoris |
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Definition
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Term
muscle fascicles arrangement with a broad origin, fascicles leading towards a single tendon or tapered end (insertion)
ex. pectoralis major |
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Definition
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Term
muscle fascicles arrangement where there are concentric rings of fascicles, around external body openings
ex. anus, stomach, mouth- orbicularis oris |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle contusion (tearing of the muscle with hematoma, severe prolonged pain, common contact sports injury); use ice to heal |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal protrusion of abdominal contents (usually coils of intestines) through a weak point in the muscles of the abdominal wall; usuall caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure during lifting or straining |
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Definition
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Term
| where can hernias arise? give one example |
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Definition
| inguinal (groin), umbilical, hiatal (through the diaphragm and into thoracic cavity) |
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Term
| tearing these muscles or their tendons, usually occurs in athletes who do not warm up properly and then extend their hip or knee quickly; not painful at first, but pain intensifies within 3-6 hrs; rest a week and then stretch |
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Definition
| quadriceps or hamstring strains or "pulls" |
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Term
| "Achilles tendon"; common in young sprinters when the tendon is traumatized during the takeoff, abrupt pain, calf bulges, can't perform plantar flexion and dorsiflexion |
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Definition
| rupture of the calcaneal tendon |
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Term
| which muscle do shin splints affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| pain in the anterior part of the leg caused by irritation following extreme exercise without prior conditioning; the inflamed muscle swells and circulation is impaired by tight fascicle wrappings; pain; tenderness to touch; can range from stress fracture of the tibia to inflammation of shin fascia, to muscle tears |
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Definition
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Term
tenderness due to trauma or overuse of the tendon of origin of the forearm extensor muscles; aggravated by forceful extension of the head at the wrist
(tennis backhand, lifting a shovel with weight) |
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Definition
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Term
| which muscle does torticollis affect? |
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Definition
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Term
| twisting of the neck in which there is a chronic rotation and tilting of the head to one side; "wryneck"; may be present at birth from difficult delivery, needs exercise that stretches the affected muscle |
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Definition
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