Term
| Microcirculation is defined as extending between what two structures? |
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Definition
| 1st order arteriole to 1st order venule with true capillaries in between |
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Term
| Which end of the capillary is most permeable? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are capillaries organized into groups depending on their "leakiness?" |
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Definition
| Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal |
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Term
| What is the most common type of capillary? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the defining feature of continuous capillaries? What is the exceptiion? |
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Definition
| Interendothelial junctions, blood brain barrier has tight junctions instead |
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Term
| What kind of capillaries with thin, perforrated fenestration in endothelial cells are found in surrounding epithelia such as those seen in the small intestines, exocrine glands, and glomerular tufts of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of capillaries have large gaps in addition to fenestrae and are primarily found in the sinusoids of the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is defined as flow through capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary regulator of vasomotion? |
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Definition
| Tissue oxygen concentration |
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Term
| What signal increases vasomotion? |
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Definition
| Low tissue oxygen concentration |
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Term
| What formula is used to determine the average amount of flow in capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What limits net movement of flow for small molecules diffusing across capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What limits the diffusion of larger molecules at capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the solid structures in the interstitium and interstitial fluid? |
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Definition
| Collagen fiber bundles, proteoglycan filaments |
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Term
| What is the difference between gel and plasma? |
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Definition
| Gel has lower concentration of protein, fluid is trapped in the proteoglycan filaments and moves via diffusion |
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Term
| Fluid that is not trapped in the gel is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proportion of fluid is "free?" What is the exception? |
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Definition
| 1%, except during edema where over half of the fluid is free of the proteoglycan filaments |
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Term
| What is the principles trans-cellular pathway for water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What moves betwee capillary walls via convection driven by what forces? |
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Definition
| Capillary pressure, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, interstitial fluid pressure, and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure |
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Term
| If Pc(capillary pressure) is greater tha Pif(interstitial fluid pressure), what is the result? |
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Definition
| Fluid leaves the capillary |
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Term
| What are the factors that effect Pc (capillary pressure)? |
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Definition
| Resistance, change in upstream/downstream pressure, location, gravity |
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Term
| Though interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) is generally close to zero or slightly negative, where must it be positive? |
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Definition
| Rigid compartments like bone marrow or brain, encapsulated organs like kidney |
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Term
| What determines colloid osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
| Plasma proteins and interstitial fluid proteins and proteoglycans |
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Term
| Colloids are defined as what? |
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Definition
| Molecules with MW greater than 30,000 |
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Term
| What occurs when pic (plasma colloid osmotic pressure) is greater than piif (interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure)? |
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Definition
| Promotes absorption and fluid entering the capillary |
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Term
| What is the principle force of capillary absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you calculate net filteration pressure? |
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Definition
| deltaP - deltaPi: NFP = (Pc-Pif) - (Pic-Piif) |
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Term
| What variation in net filtration pressure exists in interstitial mucosa? |
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Definition
| Pc is much lower than pic, re-absorption occurs continually |
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Term
| What variation in net filtration pressure exists in the kidney glomerular capillary? |
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Definition
| Pc exceeds pic so filtration occurs almost continually |
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Term
| Lymph becomes interstitial fluid once it has entered what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do lymphatics maintain fluid balance? |
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Definition
| Transports interstitial fluid and proteins back to circulation |
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Term
| How do lymphatics aide in purification and defense? |
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Definition
| Clears extra-cellular space of particulate matter, exudates, and bacteria, also brings immune cells in contact with invaders |
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Term
| How do lymphatics aide in nutrition? |
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Definition
| Absorption of fats from the small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulsations of nearby arteries and contractions of smooth muscle |
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Term
| At what end is filtration of lymphatics greatest in microcirculation? What does this permit? |
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Definition
| Arteriolar end, returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood stream |
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Term
| What factors can impact lymph flow? |
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Definition
| Capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma protein concentration, interstitial protein concentration, capillary permeability, interstitial hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| What are the different avenues for circulation of extracellular fluid? |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular loop, trans-vascular loop, lymphatic loop |
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Term
| How are most proteins returned to the blood stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| Edema is most commonly the result of increased fluid accumulation in what area? |
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Definition
| Interstitial space, though can also be a result of increased fluid inside of cells |
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