Term
|
Definition
| interstitial fluid in the lymphatic system; contains plasma proteins; flows only to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embedded in the loose CT; very permeable due to minivalves between the endothelial cells; collagen filaments anchor the vessels to the loose CT; very thin |
|
|
Term
| Right Lymphatic & Thoracic Duct |
|
Definition
| where lymphatic system dumps interstitial fluid back into the blood stream. all lymphatic vessels lead to these two ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lymphatic capillaries in the intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tubular offshoot of large intestine; contains lymph follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principal lymphoid organs: 1. filter lymph 2. activates lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simplest lymphoid organs: palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal; trap bacteria from the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest lymphoid organ; follicles of inactivated lymphocytes; lymphocyte proliferation site; involved in immune surveillance and blood cleansing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilobed organ inferior to the thyroid gland; important in T lymphocyte proliferation early in life; involutes into fatty, fibrous tissue after adolescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any disease of the lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any neoplasm of lymphoid tissue; Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmful or disease-causing microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calls that "eat" pathogens |
|
|
Term
| natural killer (NK) cells |
|
Definition
| defensive cells that can kill cancer cells and virus infected cells before adaptive immunity is activated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells; tells other, uninfected calls to produce proteins that prevents infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a afmily of 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood; these proteins activate each other in the presence of a pathogen and amplify the inflammation response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| always present; always there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more powerful but slower acting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humoral immunity; antibody-producing cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's response to trauma or infection; four hallmarks: redness, heat, swelling, paing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the midline that divides the nasal cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nose hairs; filter course particles from inspired hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 scroll-like mucosa-covered projections protruding medially from each lateral wall of the nasal cavity; provide turbulence for inspired air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in ring format; lighten skull, warm air; located in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects nasal cavity and mouth: naso-, oro-, laryngo- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| top third of pharynx; only an air passageway; closed by soft plate palate during swallowing to prevent food from entering nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pharyngeal tonsils; high on the back wall of nasopharynx; trap/destroy inspired pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ridge of pharyngeal mucosa; arches over auditory tubes in nasopharynx; protect middle ear against infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ridge of pharyngeal mucosa; arches over auditory tubes in nasopharynx; protect middle ear against infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food and air traffic; site of palatine and lingual tonsils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food and air traffic; site of the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voice box; continuous with trachea; 3 functions: provide an open airway, switching mechanism to rout air and food; voice production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "adams apple"; forms shield (2 plates) at larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elastic cartilage, covered in taste buds; anchors onto thyroid cartilage; covers lower larynx during swallowing; keeps food out of resp, system; doesn't work when unconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucosal folds within the vocal ligaments; vibrate to produce sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vocal folds plus the space between them through which air passes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior to the vocal folds; close glottis during swallowing; play no part in sound production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends from the larynx; reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings; conducts air towards the lungs; divides into two primary bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| L and R primary, secondary, tertiary, and radial from the bronchial tree; filter and warm incoming air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microscopic chambers at termini or bronchial tree; were gas exchange occurs; looks like clusters of grapes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple squamous cells that compose the alveolar walls; secrete angiotensin converting enzyme which regulates blood presure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found between the alveoli; secrete surfactant that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces -> reduces surface tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrophages found between the alveoli that gobble up fine-particle debris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paired composite organs found in pleural cavity of thorax; elastic CT allows expansion and retraction; layered by a thin, double-layered pleurae; contains the bronchial tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary -> secondary -> tertiary -> terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the actual site of gas exchange; alveoli and respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all other respiratory passageways; provide conduits for air to reach resp. zone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a mixture of gases comes into contact with a liquid, each gas in the mixture will dissolve into the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure; therefore the greater the concentration of the gas, the more and faster it will go into a solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the act of inhaling or drawing something into the lungs, usually a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical opening if the trachea to provide an alternate route for air to reach the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during abdominal strain associated with defecation, the glottis closes the prevent exhalation and the abdominal muscles contract, helping to empty the rectum; also stabilizes the trunk during heavy lifting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low CO2 levels in the blood; usually due to hyperventilation, breathing in a bag brings CO2 level up and corrects the blood pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clinical term for a nosebleed; due to trauma or excessive nose-blowing or dry mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability to breath in the horizontal position -> sleep apnea |
|
|
