Term
| What does the term "renaissance" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three phases of the Renaissance, and when did it arguably begin? |
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Definition
Began in 1453, after black plague:
1. 1350-1400: decline of population, classical texts used, and artful experiments begin
2. 1400-1500: set of cultural values, stable gov.
3. 1500-1550: different art techniques after French, Spanish invasions |
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Term
| How did cities grow and become laid-out? |
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Definition
| They grew by migration, not natural increase, an were compact. Suburbs began to form around them, with large agricultural fields around the suburbs. |
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Term
| What was the sharecropping system? |
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Definition
| Absent owners of land supply their work in turn for half of the farm's produce |
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Term
| How were social ranks in the city determined? |
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Definition
| By occupation, not solely wealth |
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Term
| Was it a privilege to participate in markets if you were a citizen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What people-body monopolized the economy through craftsmanship? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were these monopolies called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the hierarchy of the guilds, beginning with highest rank? |
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Definition
1. Clothiers, metalworkers
2. Bankers, merchants, administrators
3. Grocers, masons |
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Term
| What was one downside of the guilds? |
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Definition
| Wealth in few hands caused economical fluctuations |
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Term
| The economy was based on...? |
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Definition
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Term
| 70-90% of Europe's business was based on what imports? |
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Definition
| Agriculture, then clothing |
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Term
| How was supply and demand affected by the plague? |
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Definition
| Supply was greater than demand, since so many people were killed. Therefore, there was an abundance of food (meaning no starvation), and tax rates increased. Luxurious living became popular. |
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Term
| What two metals enriched the Byzantine and Ottoman empires? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclear families were common and consisted of...? |
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Definition
| Two parents and their children |
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Term
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Definition
| When poor families would kill newborn children, so they didn't have to support them. |
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Term
| Where were daughters likely to go in a poor family? |
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Definition
| Away from home, to be used as servants |
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Term
| What was the fate of the average son in a poor family? |
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Definition
| He was sent to apprenticeship at the age of 10-13 |
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Term
| Wealthy families would offer what for their daughter's marriage? |
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Definition
| Dowries, large sums of money and land |
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Term
| What was marriage mainly used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did health benefits increase? |
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Definition
| Life expectancy was raised, better diets formed from more grain and variety |
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Term
| How were social groups formed? |
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Definition
| Working for a superior, you received important connections. Working for an inferior, you received faithful clients. |
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