Term
| Was Italy united as a country and people during the Renaissance Era? |
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Definition
| No, it was divided into multiple city states with five main powers |
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Term
| Why was Italy so powerful (three reasons)? |
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Definition
1. Geographic position: connections to east and west
2. In the north, Holy Roman Empire territory
3. Good agriculture |
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Term
| What were the five powers? |
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Definition
1. Naples
2. Papal States
3. Venice
4. Milan
5. Florence |
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Term
| Who governed Naples in 1443+ (he was a Spaniard)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who governed the Papal States? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the term "nepotism" used to describe the succession of Papal office? |
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Definition
| When the nephew of a Pope would gain power through his connection with such a high lord, and eventually become Pope himself |
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Term
| Who was Pope Alexander VI? |
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Definition
| He was originally known as Rodrigo Borgia, and was nicknamed "Orgy Pope" during his residence as Pope, because of his love of "parties" and his control for power |
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Term
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Definition
| Pope Alexander's son, known for his ruthlessness and cunning |
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Term
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Definition
| Nicknamed "Warrior Pope", due to his hunger for expansion and alliances, part of the Dalla Rovere family |
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Term
| Who governed Florence in the 1400's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Florence's government like? |
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Definition
| Republic, with a Signoria who was elected by lots every two months |
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Term
| What were the two main economical growths in Florence? |
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Definition
| Wool and banking industry |
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Term
| Was Florence's wealth very stable? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cosimo de' Medici first came to power in the early 1400's when his bank grew. He was taken prisoner by the Albizzi family (competitor), but was able to survive. Growing in power, he was liberal and humanist in belief, and first employed Brunelleschi as an architect. After being expelled from Florence, he returned and was prosperous. His grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, was perhaps even more popular, as he recognized the talent of young Michaelangelo. However, after he died, control of Florence went to the hands of Savonarola. |
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Term
| Who was Girolamo Savonarola? |
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Definition
| After the fall of the Medici's, Savonarola came to power, but disagreed with the "irreligious" activities (including painting, book). He would have massive burnings which came to be known as the Bonfires of the Vanities. |
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Term
| What was the Pazzi conspiracy? |
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Definition
| When the Pazzi bankers of Florence attempted to murder Lorenzo Medici and his brother Guiliano in 1478. They stabbed Guiliano on Easter Sunday, during mass in the church, and he died immediately. Lorenzo survived. The Pazzi were executed and/or banished. |
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Term
| Who governed Milan as a depotism between 1354 and 1447? |
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Definition
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Term
| Filippo Maria of Milan employs the condottieri Sforza, who later comes to power how? |
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Definition
| Sforza forms a republic and lays siege to Milan with the help of Cosimo de' Medici |
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Term
| Which of the five powers was known as "Eldest Child of Liberty"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The elected leader of a republic |
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Term
| When was the Venice Council of Ten first established? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the Book of Gold? |
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Definition
| Record of the Great Council |
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Term
| What did Venice's oligarchy mean? |
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Definition
| Government was administered by a restricted group |
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Term
| What made Venice so prosperous? |
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Definition
| It's water front provided easy trade between eastern countries and important links to the west. Treaties with the Byzantine Empire also helped establish good contact. |
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Term
| Who was it (from Venice) that discovered the Silk Road, which led to the immense spice trade? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Venice's best military position? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ended Venice's glory during the 1500's? |
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Definition
| The Portugal water routes |
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Term
| Which of these powers had the most stable ruling system and why? |
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Definition
| Venice, since it had the Great Council, Small Council, (secret) Council of Ten, all underneath the elected Doge |
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Term
| Why was diplomacy first used, with the ambassadors representing their city-state in other territories? |
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Definition
| Warfare required alliances |
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Term
| Who were the Condottieri? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two main events were the decline of Italian hegemony? |
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Definition
1. Constantinople falls (1453)
2. Sack of Rome (1527) |
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Term
| What was the 1454 Peace of Lodi? |
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Definition
| A treaty between five powers which allied Florence-Milan, Venice-Naples, and lasted only 40 years |
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Term
| Who ends the peace established in the Peace of Lodi? |
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Definition
| Ludovico Sforza (The Moor) |
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Term
| When did the attack against Constantinople begin? |
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Definition
| In 1452, when Ottoman Prince Mehmed II came to power |
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Term
| How long was the siege in Constantinople? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where were the points of attack on Constantinople? |
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Definition
| First through land, and then by sea |
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Term
| Who were the Janissaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the sides in the Wars of Italy (1494-1529)? |
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Definition
| Florence, Naples, and Papal States vs. Milan - who later allies with French |
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Term
| Who was Charles VIII of France? |
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Definition
| Leader of the French and Swiss soldiers who invaded Italy in 1494 |
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Term
| When was the final surrender of Rome? |
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Definition
| In 1527, when the Germans invade |
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Term
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Definition
| Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556. He is best known for opposing the Protestant Reformation. |
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