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| a drug that prevents pain during surgery; first used by an American dentist |
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| the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers |
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| separating iron from its ore |
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| money used to invest in something |
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| a business organization in an area such as shipping or factories |
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| those people who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting new businesses |
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| also the cottage industry; raw cotton was given to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove it into cloth |
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| private roads built by entrepreneurs who then charged a fee |
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| the movement of people to cities |
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| multistory buildings divided into apartments; had no running water or sanitation system |
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| worker's organizations; worked for reform |
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| the idea that the goal of siciety shouold be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" |
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| the idea that people as a whole (not individuals) would own and operate all farms, factories, railways, etc. |
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| the farms, factories, railways etc that produced and distributed goods |
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| the system in which governments led by a small elite controlled all economic and political life |
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| the "have-nots", the working class in comunist system |
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| a political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of sudden violent overthrow of the system |
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