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| no taxation without representation |
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| the idea that people shouldn't be taxed by their government without proper representation in that government |
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| rights that can't be taken away, regardless of your sex, race or religion |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| plan that established, in 1781, a limited national government, later replaced by the Constitution |
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| an uprising against taxes in Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787, showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation |
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| compromise at the Constitutional Convention calling for a two house legislature, with one house elected on the basis of population and the other house representing each state equally |
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| plan favored by the large states during the Constitutional Convention, which had states being represented based on population |
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| plan favored by small states at the Constitutional Convention that every state should be represented equally, regardless of population size |
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| compromise at the Constitutional Convention calling for 3/5 of a state's slave population to be counted for the purposes of representation and taxation |
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| the division of power between the state and federal governments |
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| the dividing of powers within the federal government between the legislative, executive and judicial branches |
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| system in which each of the branches of the federal government can cehck the actions of the other branches |
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| policy of letting the people in a territory decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
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| a change in the constitution, there are currently 27 |
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| the idea that the powers of government are limited and not absolute |
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| powers that are written in the Constitution |
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| powers that are shared between the state and federal government |
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| powers that are set aside or reserved for the states |
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| the idea that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, with no law being higher than it |
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| when a legislature decides someone's guilt or innocence by passing a law, instead of having a trial; this is unconstitutional |
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| Latin for "after the fact", a person cannot be punished for an action that was legal when they did it |
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| legal protection requiring that a court determine whether a person is lawfully imprisoned |
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| population count that occurs every ten years in this country, used to determine representation in the House of Representatives |
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| branch of the government, headed by the President, that enforces the laws |
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| branch of government that makes the laws, Congress |
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| branch of government, made up of courts and judges, that interprest and applies the laws |
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| group of electors, chosen by the voters, who vote for the President |
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| made up of two houses, the legislative branch |
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| highest court in the land, decides on constitutionality of previous court decisions and laws |
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| to prevent from becoming law |
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| to cancel a veto, need 2/3 vote of both houses to defeat a veto of a bill |
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| power of federal courts to review state laws and state court decision to determine if they are constitutional |
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| to charge a public official with wrongdoing in office |
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| part of the Constitution sometimes called the 'necessary and proper clause' which allows the Constitution to adapt to the changing times |
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| violating the Constitution |
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| upper house of Congress, representation is equal from each state |
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| lower house of Congress, representation is based on population |
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| hearing a case in court for the first time |
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| leaders of the executive departments of the federal government |
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| a person or group of persons elected or appointed to perform some service or function |
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| review a previous court's decision or law |
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| a preliminary election in which voters of each party nominate candidates for office |
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| supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification, favored a strong national government |
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| opponents of the Constitution during the debate over its ratification, opposed the concept of a strong central government |
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| a series of essays that were written to try to convince people to support the ratification of the Constitution |
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| first ten amendments to the Constitution |
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| everyone is protected from being tried twice for the same crime |
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| the power of the state to take private property for public use with payment of compensation to the owner |
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| belief that the government should not do anything that the constitution does not specifically say it can do |
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| belief that the government can do anything that the Constitution does not prohibit |
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| Washington's Farewell Address |
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| speech that warned that the U.S. should not become involved in other countries affairs, we should stay neutral |
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| not taking sides in a conflict or a dispute |
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| policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries |
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| declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that the U.s. would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western hemisphere |
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