Term
| Where did Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill meet in the final months of the war? |
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Definition
| Yalta (a resort in the Soviet Union) |
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Term
| What did Stalin promise to do in Yalta? |
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Definition
| to hold free elections in the parts of Eastern Europe under his control |
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Term
| What did Stalin do instead of keeping his promise in Yalta and why? |
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Definition
| He proceeded to establish a communist government because he realized that free elections would result in a non-communist government |
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Term
| What did Stalin want to do with the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| He wanted to make it the worlds dominant power while building up a "wall" of friendly countries to protect the western border of the Soviet Union |
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Term
| Where did Churchill express his fears and warn the Soviets of their threat? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a barrier to understand and information (invented by Churchill and used to describe conflict between the democratic nations of the west and the Soviet Union and the Communist controlled nations of eastern Europe) |
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Term
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Definition
| nation that is dominated politically or economically by a more powerful nation |
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Term
| When did Harry Truman become president? |
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Definition
| After Roosevelt died in April 1945 |
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Term
| What happened in Greece after the war? |
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Definition
| a communist lead revolt broke out, and Greek communists threatened to take over the government. Truman requested in March 1947 that Congress aids Greece (and Turkey) |
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Term
| What happened in Turkey and Iran? |
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Definition
| Soviet government began to threaten them, Truman requested in March 1947 that Congress aids Greece (and Turkey) |
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Term
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Definition
| the United States oppose the spread of communism |
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Term
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Definition
| goal: to contain or limit the Soviet expansion |
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Term
| How did communists gain strength in Italy and France? |
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Definition
| communists told them that the capitalist system was powerless to repair damaged economies, many desperate citizens believed them |
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Term
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Definition
| provided economic assistance to European nations (France, west Germany, Italy) it was issued by Secretary of State George Marshall on June 1947 |
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Term
| What was decided at the Yalta conference? |
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Definition
| that Germany would be divided into 4 zones, 1 owned by: US, Britain, France, and Soviet Union. Berlin was also divided into 4 sections |
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Term
| What is the capital city of Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened that caused the airlift? |
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Definition
| Soviets set up a blockade around Berlin (i.e. prevented delivery of food to West Berlin residents) Allies responded with airlifts for almost a year |
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Term
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Definition
| sending cargo planes to deliver tons of supplies to the people |
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Term
| What happened after the airlift was invented? |
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Definition
| The Soviets called off the blockade in May 1949. That October, France, Britain and the U.S. combined zones (a.k.a. Federal Republic of Germany/West Germany) The Soviet zone became known as german Democratic Republic (East Germany) |
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Term
| What happened between 1949 and 1961 with East Germans? |
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Definition
| They fled to west Berlin and then went to West Germany. In August 1961, the East German government began to build a wall between East and West Germany. |
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Term
| What did the wall between East and West Germany symbolize? |
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Definition
| for 28 years, it stood for a divided Germany and a divided Europe |
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Term
| What was the main goal of the United Nations (UN)? |
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Definition
| to maintain peace and settle international disputes. this happened under the UN Charter |
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Term
| Explain how the General Assembly works in the UN |
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Definition
| every nation has a single vote but the GA has no was of enforcing its decisions |
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Term
| Explain how the Security Council works in the UN |
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Definition
| had more power than the GA, has 15 members, 5 of which are permanent (US, Russia, China, Britain, and France) each permanent member has the right to veto any proposal before the SC. If just one votes no, then the proposal is completely denied |
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Term
| What are the UN's greatest successes? |
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Definition
| fighting hunger, disease, and education improvement. through relief program, the UN provided goods, clothing and medicine to disaster victims |
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Term
| What and when was the National Atlantic Treaty Organization issued? |
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Definition
| it was a military alliance to protect against Soviet attacks, attack on one member was considered as one against entire group, issued in April 1949. |
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Term
| What did the Soviet Union do in response to the NATO? |
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Definition
| formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 with satellite nations |
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Term
| What shock happened in the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| In September 1949, the Soviet Union exploded its own bomb |
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Term
| What shock happened in China? |
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Definition
| In 1949, the nationalist government collapsed and China fell under the control of communists |
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Term
| Who was the leader of China and what did he do? |
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Definition
| Mao Zedong established the Peoples Republic of China. The nationalists then fled to Taiwan |
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Term
| What economic challenges did Americans face after the war? |
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Definition
| defense industries closed or scaled back employment, the nation faced the problem of changing back to peacetime economy |
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Term
| Explain the Government Issue (GI Bill of Rights) |
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Definition
| U.S. armed forces, gave veterans money to spend on business, homes, schooling. Helped more than two million former soldiers attend college to prepare for new careers |
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Term
| What happened with consumer goods and inflation? |
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Definition
| The demand exceeded the actual supply of goods and with that, inflation soared. Workers demanded larger pay due to rising prices. When employers denied workers, the went on strike. |
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Term
| What did Truman do to solve the issue of labor strikes? |
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Definition
| Even though he supported labor, he didn't want even higher prices so in May 1946, he ended the United Mine Workers strike by taking over mines. After railroad workers struck, Truman threatened to order them back to work. Inflation resulted again as he encouraged industries to raise salaries. |
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Term
| Describe the Taft-Hartley Act |
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Definition
| let the government get a court order to delay a strike for 80 days if the strike is threatening public safety, forbade unions to contribute to political campaigns, banned closed shop |
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Term
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Definition
| workplace in which only union members can be hired |
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Term
| What fraction of voters disapproved with the way that Truman was leading our country? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was in the running in the 1948 elections, and who won? |
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Definition
Truman, SC Governor Strom Thurmond, former VP Henry Wallace, NY Governor Thomas Dewey.
Truman won. |
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Term
| What did Truman attack when he was trying to win the votes for President? |
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Definition
| "do-nothing" republican congress |
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Term
| What headline of what paper predicted the wrong President of election of 1948? |
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Definition
| Chicago Tribune: "Dewey Defeats Truman" |
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Term
| What Fair Deal programs were approved? |
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Definition
| increase in minimum wage by lawmakers, provide funds for flood control and low income housing |
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Term
| What Fair Deal programs were NOT approved? |
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Definition
| funding for education and national health insurance, reduction of racial discrimination |
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Term
| Who ran in the 1952 election and who won? |
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Definition
Governor of Illinois and Democrat, Adlai Stevenson and Republican General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Eisenhower won. |
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Term
| What won him a second Presidency term? |
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Definition
| "peace, progress, and prosperity" |
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Term
| Interstate Highway Act of 1956 |
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Definition
| proposed by Eisenhower, provided funds for freeways to link to all parts of the US (this caused railroad use for transportation of people and goods to reduce) |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which workers produce goods |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of how comfortable life is for a person group or country |
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Term
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Definition
| the increased birthrate of the post war years |
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Term
| What did the baby boom increase? |
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Definition
| demand for food, housing, and manufactured goods |
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Term
| Why were people living longer? |
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Definition
| new medicines, antibiotics for infectious diseases, vaccine for polio |
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Term
| Which states had a large suburb growth? |
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Definition
| California, Arizona, and Texas gained people and political power |
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Term
| What product had the greatest impact on American life? |
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Definition
| TV, brought new entertainment, although it turned negative when it became a family's main focus and frozen meals were created later |
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Term
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Definition
| a blend of black rhythm and blues and country music (i.e. singers such as Elvis Presley) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to inner cities? |
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Definition
| they became poorer with less educated people, cities couldn't raise enough tax money to repair apartments, schools, and subways. crime rose, |
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Term
| Who and what did this person write about inner cities? |
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Definition
| Willian H. White (critic) wrote "The Organization Man" to report ways that Americans felt pressure to conform to group behaviors |
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Term
| Where did Japan occupy in 1910? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened after Japans defeat in ww2? |
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Definition
| Korea divided at the 38th parallel of latitude, Soviet Union back communist government in North Korea, US backed non communist government in South Korea |
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Term
| When did North Korean troops invade South Korean troops? |
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Definition
June 25th, 1950
Invasion reached South Korea's capital (Seoul) and Korea would end up completely communist |
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Term
| What did Truman do to help with the invasion of South Korea? |
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Definition
| UN Security Council sent military to Korea, appointed WWII hero General douglas MacArthur to lead force |
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Term
| What percent of the troops fighting in Korea under the UN flag were American? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did General MacArthur do at Inchon? |
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Definition
| in September, he launched a counterattack. UN forces were able to pursue North Koreans back across the 38th parallel into North Korea. his forces chased the North Koreans almost to the Yalu River |
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Term
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Definition
| river separating North Korea from China |
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Term
| What did China's government do in response to General MacArthur's counterattack? |
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Definition
| They crossed the border as UN soldiers came close to Yalu. |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which neither side wins (this took place in South Korea against UN forces and China) |
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Term
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Definition
| MacArthur thought that US could win Korea if it attacked China and called for bombing of supply bases in China. Truman feared new world war if America attacked China. MacArthur publicly argued and was fired by Truman |
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Term
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Definition
| July 1951, opposing sides in Korea began peace talks, continued for 2 years |
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Term
| What ended the fighting regarding North and South Korea in July of 1953? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an are from which military forces are prohibited, two sides agreed to establish this (North and South Korea) |
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Term
| What were the approximate casualities? |
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Definition
| 2 million Koreans, 30,000 Americans (100,000 were wounded) thousands from other nations were killed as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Hiss (former State Department official) was accused of passing government secrets to Soviet agents. Accuser, Whittaker Chambers (communist) was given the papers to pass to the Soviet Union. Hiss denied this and sued Chambers |
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Term
| Explain the pumpkin papers and what happened to Whittaker Chambers |
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Definition
| copies fo top-secret papers produced by Chambers, hid them on microfilm in a pumpkin in his garden, was not charged due to time passed and was convicted of perjury to congressional committee and spent years in prison |
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Term
| Explain the case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
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Definition
| guilty of passing off secret info to the Soviet Union, sentenced to death and executed in 1953 |
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Term
| What did Senator Joseph McCarthy do? |
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Definition
| Senator of Wisconsin, built career by threatening to expose communists. Held a speech in Wheeling, WV in February 1950 and waved paper in the air. Claimed that paper contained names of 205 communists who worked in State Department. |
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Term
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Definition
| accusing someone of disloyalty without having any evidence. |
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Term
| What did Americans realize about McCarthy? |
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Definition
| that he was making false accusations against the US Army, and that he could not support his charges. US Senate voted to censure him and he died 3 years after |
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Term
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Definition
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