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| a combination of related parts that interact in an organized manner |
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| the study of Earth, and planets and moons in our solar system |
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| a speculative or conjectural view of something |
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| an orderly, logical approach that involves gathering and analyzing facts or data about the problem under consideration. |
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| a model for the evolution of the universe in which a dense, hot state was followed by expansion, cooling, and a less dense state |
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| Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars - so named because they are similar to terra, Latin for "earth," are all small and composed of rock and metallic elements that condensed at the high temperatures of the inner nebula |
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| Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - so called because they resemble Jupiter (the Roman god was also called Jove), all have small rocky cores compared to their overall size, and are composed mostly of hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane, which condense at low temperatures. |
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| a calculated density of 10-13 grams per cubic centimeter(g/cm3) and occupies about 16% of Earth's total volume. |
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| surrounds the core and comprises about 83% of Earth's volume. |
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| surrounds the lower mantle |
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| the solid upper mantle and the overlying crust |
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| numerous individual pieces of the lithosphere that move over the asthenosphere |
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| Earth's outermost layer, consists of two-types |
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| the recognition that the lithosphere is divided into rigid plates that move the asthenosphere. |
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| naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids that have definite physical and chemical properties. |
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| a pictorial representation of events leading to the origin, destruction and/or changes, and reformation of the rocks as a consequence of Earth's internal and surface processes |
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| magma crystallizes or volcanic ejecta, such as ash, accumulate and consolidate |
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| consolidation of mineral or rock fragments, precipitation of mineral matter from solution, or compaction of plant or animal remains |
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| the alteration of other rocks, usually beneath the surface, by heat, pressure, and the chemical activity of fluids. |
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| all present-day organisms are related, and that they have descended with modifications from organisms that lived in the past |
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| remains or traces of once-living organisms |
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| subdivides geologic time into a hierarchy of increasingly shorter time intervals: each time subdivision has a specific name. |
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| principle of uniformitarianism |
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| present-day processes have operated throughout geologic time |
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| a condensation and collapse of interstellar material in a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy |
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