Term
| What part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord? |
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Definition
| The Central Nervous system |
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Term
| What type of neurons carry information to the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of neuron reach out from the CNS to innervate muscles and glands? |
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Definition
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Term
| Three embryonic tissue layers exits. From which of these does the CNS develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure forms as the ectoderm invaginates to begin the formation of the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure forms as the neural groove deepens and the edges fuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ganglia of the PNS form from what structure that occurs in embryonic development? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the middle of the fourth week of development what three distinct swelling occur on the anterior end of the neural tube? |
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Definition
| The Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain |
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Term
| What is the largest part of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cavities in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fills the cavities of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cavity within the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What superficial portion of the cerebrum holds cell bodies and dendrites of neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures deep within the cerebrum are made up of the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two halves of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure connects the cerebral hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the folds and grooves of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the elevated folds of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the grooves of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most anterior portion of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebrum lies posterior to the central sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum controls skeletal muscle movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure within the parietal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for somatesthetic sensation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the auditory centers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision and eye movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lobe of the cerebrum is not visible from the surface and is implicated in memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum where they function in the control of voluntary movements? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the crossing of fibers from one side of the cerebrum to the opposite side of the body which
results in the right side of the cerebrum controlling and sensing the left side of the body and visa
versa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the specialization in function of the cerebral hemispheres, the left and right being different? |
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Definition
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Term
| Concerning cerebral lateralization, what is the specialty of the right cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Concerning cerebral lateralization, what is the specialty of the left cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
| Language and analytical ability |
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Term
| What is the loss or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from brain damage? |
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Definition
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Term
What area in the left inferior frontal gyrus and surrounding areas helps control speech? Damage to
this area results in a reluctance to speak and speech that is slow and poorly articulated. |
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Definition
| Broccaís area (the motor speech area) |
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Term
What area in the superior temporal gyrus of the left hemisphere helps control speech? Damage to
this area results in an inability to organize words into meaningful sentences and an inability to understand spoken or written language. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two parts of the brain appear to be of paramount importance in the neural basis of emotional states? |
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Definition
| The Hypothalamus and Limbic System |
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Term
What part of the brain consists of a group of forebrain nuclei and fiber tracts that form a ring around
the brain stem? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain consists of the cingulate gyrus (part of the cerebral cortex), the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the septal nuclei? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the type of memory that involves recall of information for a relatively short time (as a few seconds)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the type of memory that involves the storage and recall of information over a long period of time (as days, weeks, or years)? |
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Definition
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Term
Formerly it was believed that memory was stored diffusely throughout the brain. What is the current
thought on how memory works in different regions of the brain? |
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Definition
| Particular aspects of memory of visual, auditory, olfactory, spatial, etc. are stored in particular areas, and the cooperation of all of these areas is required to elicit the complete memory. |
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Term
What is the type of synaptic learning in which synapses are first stimulated at high frequency and
will thus exhibit increased excitability through physiological and anatomical changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the production of new neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cells in the CNS both renew themselves through mitosis and produce differentiated neurons and neuroglia? |
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Definition
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Term
What portion of the cerebral cortex is involved in higher cognitive functions, including memory,
planning, and judgment, and is required for normal motivation, interpersonal skills, and social behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cavities within the brain lie in the cerebral hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cavity within the brain lies within the diencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
What part of the brain composes about four-fifths of the diencephalon and forms the walls of the
third ventricle? It consists of paired masses of gray matter, each positioned immediately below the
lateral ventricle of its respective cerebral hemisphere and acts primarily as a relay center throuh wich
all sensory information (except smell) passes on the way to the cerebrum. |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the diencephalon consists of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and the pineal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
What part of the diencephalon is most inferior and forms the floor and part of the walls of the third
ventricle? It is small, but important in its influence on hunger, thirst, body temperature, hormone
secretion by the pituitary gland, regulation of sleep, wakefulness, sexual arousal and performance, and emotion. |
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Definition
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Term
| What region of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the pons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four rounded elevations on the dorsal surface of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of the corpora quadrigemina are involved in visual reflexes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of the corpora quadrigemina are relay centers for auditory information? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the midbrain is composed of ascending and descending fiber tracts? |
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Definition
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Term
What part of the midbrain is an area of gray matter deep within it and maintains connections with the
cerebrum and the cerebellum and is thus involved in motor coordination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rounded bulge on the underside of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second largest part of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the known function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| coordination and equilibrium |
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Term
| What part of the brain lies between the pons superiorly and the spinal cord inferiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what part of the brain does decussation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the medulla oblongata controls the autonomic innervation of blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the medulla oblongata controls the autonomic nerve control of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the medulla oblongata acts together with the pons to control breathing? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the mass of nerve cells and fibers situated primarily in the brain stem and functioning upon
stimulation especially in arousal of the organism? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the part of the reticular formation that extends from the brain stem to the midbrain and
thalamus with connections distributed throughout the cerebral cortex and that controls the degree of
activity of the central nervous system (as in maintaining sleep and wakefulness and in making transitions between the two states)? |
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Definition
| the reticular activating system (RAS) |
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Term
What is the neurological disorder in which the patient tends to fall asleep inappropriately during the
day despite having adequate amounts of sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the landmark at the boundary between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an adult, where does the spinal cord stop inferiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the gray matter of the spinal lie? |
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Definition
| in the form of an H deep within the cord |
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Term
| What is the general term for the columns of white matter within the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general term for the tracts of white matter carrying sensory information through the spinal cord to the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tracts of white matter carrying motor impulses from the brain to the periphery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nerves that arise directly from the brain and not the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nerves that arise from the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a spinal nerve carries sensory input? |
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Definition
| the dorsal (posterior) root |
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Term
| What part of a spinal nerve carries motor output? |
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Definition
| the ventral (anterior) root |
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Term
| What structures associated with the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons? |
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Definition
| the dorsal (posterior) root ganglia |
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Term
What is an automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse passing
inward from a receptor to a nerve center and thence outward to an effector (as a muscle or gland)
without reaching the level of consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the neural pathway of a reflex? |
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Definition
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