Term
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Definition
| a set of specific events that begins with the initiation of propagated electrical activity in the SAN & includes all the events until the next action potential occurs. |
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Term
| T/F The heart may need to pump as much as 100-150ml blood/kg body weight against pressure as high as 300mm Hg |
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Definition
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Term
| A unique feature of mammalian cardiovascular system is that blood is pumped through the heart __ before being distributed to the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F the left and right sides of the heart pump at different times to ensure cardiac cycle continues |
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Definition
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Term
| When the hydrolic pressure on the AV valve leaflets is higher than that on the ventricles the valves will __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Can have some backwards flow in the __ because there is no valve here. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| backwards flow of blood into the vena cavae during atrial contraction |
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Term
| ventricles will contract immediately following __ |
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Definition
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Term
| For a brief period of time at the beginning of __ the ventricular chambers are closed off at both inlets and outlets |
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Definition
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Term
| You can assess the cardiovascular status in an animal by recording an ECG an preforming __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The QRS recording is triphasic because of changes in the predominate __ throughout the ventricles. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repolarization of the atria |
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Term
| It Does/Doesn't matter with phase of the ECG cycle is counted as first. |
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Definition
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Term
| The job of the (left/right) ventricle is to push blood at a pressure that will ensure runoff |
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Definition
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Term
| About how far into the P wave on an ECG will the atria contract? |
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Definition
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Term
| The atria contract during ventricular diastole allowing them to act as __ |
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Definition
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Term
| When pressure in the ventricles becomes greater than that of the atria the valves will __ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is sometimes seen. It is seen sometime when the AV valve closes |
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Term
| The first phase of ventricular systole |
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Definition
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Term
| The first phase of ventricular diastole |
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Definition
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Term
| Able to deliver a large amount of volume under high pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| The first fibers to contract in the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| Papillary muecles pull the __ when they contract which will pull on the leaflets of the AV valve hlping to approximate them. |
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Definition
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Term
| Although the volume of the ventricle does not change during isovolumetric contraction, the __ of te ventricle does |
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Definition
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Term
| The period of rapid ejection |
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Definition
| when the ventricles are contracting they will convert some of that energy of contraction into kinetic energy and blood flow rapidly increases in botht he aorta and PA. |
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Term
| period of rapid ejection reaches its peak just prior to the peak of __ |
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Definition
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Term
| 75% of the blood leaves the ventricles during this __ |
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Definition
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Term
| If the sympahetic system is active, this is prolonged & stores more energy in the roots of the aorts & the PA |
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Definition
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Term
In the dog the pulmonary valves __ just prior to the aortic & __ just after the aortic
A. open; close
B. close; open
C. close; close |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase of isovolumetric relaxation begins st about the time of the aortic __ & lasts until the opening of the AV valves |
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Definition
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Term
| The phases __ & __ blend together and compromise a time during which the ventricles fill without assistance of atrial contraction |
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Definition
rapid ventricular filling
reduced ventricular filling |
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Term
| reduced ventricular filling is also known as __ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure recorded just before ventricular systole |
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Term
| The end diastolis pressure determines __ |
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Definition
| the resting tension of the ventricular musculature (& thus the force of its contraction) |
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Term
| Sounds in the heart ar produced by __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Two most significant components of audible heart sounds |
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Definition
| opening and closing of valves; acceleration of blood through valves |
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Term
Normally, mammals have __ heart sounds, as well as __ additional sounds which can be recorded.
A. 2, 3
B. 2, 2
C. 3, 2
D. 1, 4 |
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Definition
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Term
| Allows some recorded assesment of mecanical heart events |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| begins with the closure of the AV valves & by the ejection of blood through the opening of the semilunar valves. The "lub" |
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Term
| Where is it best to hear the first heart sound? |
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Definition
| over the mitral & tricuspid areas |
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Term
| If the first heart sound is split into two sounds, the first comes from the blood turbulence hitting which valve? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the first heart sound is split into two sounds, the second comes from the blood turbulence hitting which valve? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a short-duration high-frequency thump that occurs almost simultaneously with isovolumetric relaxation period. The "dub" |
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Term
| Two sounds can be heard of the S2 in a dog when? |
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Definition
| inspiration, more pressure on the thorax increases cardiac return |
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Term
| During inspiration in a dog, the right ventricle receives extra volume which makes its ejection take longer, thus prolonging the __ to remain open longer |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricular systole lies during what period of time when considering heart sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs as the atrial pressure begins to rise during rapid filling & thought to be due to vibration in the ventricular walls as they are streched. |
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Definition
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Term
| This sound is almost always inaudible in dogs, but may be seen in phonocardiogram. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| associated with the vibrations from the filling of the ventricles by the acceleration of blood into them by atrial contraction |
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Term
| Stenosis & velvular insufficiency commonly produce what? |
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Definition
| abnormal sounds or murmurs |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of te valvular orifice |
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Term
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Definition
| when the valves do not completely close |
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Term
| ___ is used to divide the cardiac cycle into 7-8 periods |
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Definition
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Term
Place the periods in the right order following atrial contraction:
2. isovolumetric relaxation
3.rapid ejection
4.diastases (reduced filling)
5. isovolumetric contraction
6. reduced ejection
7. rapid filling
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Definition
| 5. isovolumetric contraction, 3.rapid ejection, 6.reduced ejction,2. isovolumetric relaxation, 7.rapid filling, 4.diastasis (reduced filling) |
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Term
| With __ the period of diastais become disproportionally shortened |
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Definition
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Term
| Atrial contraction contributes to how much of ventricular volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals that exhibit exercise intolerance are more dependent on what? |
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Definition
| atrial contraction to fill the ventricals |
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Term
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Definition
isovolumetric contraction
rapid ejection
reduced ejection |
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Term
| T/F the clinical definition of systole differs from the physiological |
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Definition
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Term
| Th begining of reduced ejection is see by what wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Isometric contraction and relaxation is shorter on which side of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of action used by the heart that is very efficient mean of pumping large and varied volumes of blood against a low resistance (i.e.pulmonary circuit) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why will death occur from a pulmonary embolism & not from a gradual increased pulmonary circulatroy pressure change? |
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Definition
| In a sudden change the right ventrical will not have time to adapt and sustain the higher pressure, whereas in a slow change it can adapt. |
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Term
| Why is the left ventricle not as adaptable as the right ventricle in handlinglarge volumes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In aortic regurgitation, the heart adapts how? |
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Definition
| for the ventricle to compensate for the increased amount of blood it's thickness will increase resulting in CO increase, but the delivery of blood to the perifery remains near normal. |
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