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| any internal or external change that brings about a response |
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| the regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite the changes in its enviornment |
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nerve cells
basic functioning units of the nervous system |
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made up of: axon-body
dendrites-branches |
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| receive inpulses from other neurons and send them to the cell body |
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| carry impulses away from the cell body |
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| sensory, motor, interneurons |
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| recieve information and send impulses to the brain or spinal cord |
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| relay the pulses from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons |
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| then conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles throughout the body |
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| the space between to neurons |
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| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| all the nerves outside of the CNS |
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coordinates all of the body's activities
100 billion neurons |
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Definition
2 main parts:cerebellum-stimuli from the eyes and ears from muscles and tendons are interpreted here
cerebrum-thinking, memory, movements controlled |
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brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla |
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Definition
| made up of a bundle of neorons that carry impulses from all the parts of the body to the brain and vice versa |
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12 pairs of nerves from brain-cranial nerves
31 pairs of nerves from spinal cord-spinal nerves |
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somatic-controls voluntary actions
-cranial & spinal nerves that go from central nervous system to muscles
automatic-controls involuntary actions
-heart rate, breathing, digestion, etc. |
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Definition
| involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus |
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-use a reflex arc
-controlled in spinal cord |
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DRUGS AND ITS AFFECT ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
-caffeine
-drugs
-alcohol |
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Definition
-directly affect the nervous system
-heavy alcohol use destroys brain and liver cells
-caffeine is a stimulant
-too much = restlessness, tremors, and insomnia |
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Definition
-goes through the cornea and is refracted
-goes through a lens and is refracted again
-lens directs light onto the retina |
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| tissue at the back of the eye that is sensitive to light energy |
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2 types if cells
-rods and cones
-used to help you detect shape and movement
-impulses pass to the optic nerve
-nerve carries impulses to the vision area of the cortex, located in the brains cerebrum |
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Definition
-images transmitted frmo retina to the brain is upside down and reversed
-the brain interprets the image correctly |
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| light is refracted when it passes through a lens |
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-convex lense-thicker in middle and thinner on egde
-focuses correctly on focal point |
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concave lense-thinner in middle thicker on edges
-refracted outward |
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| NEARSIGHTEDNESS AND FARSIGHTEDNESS |
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Definition
nearsighted person-cannot see distant objects because the image is focused in front of the retina CONCAVE LENSE CORRECTS
farsighted person-connot see close objects because the image is focused behind the retina CONVEX LENSE CORRECTS |
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Definition
the outer ear intercepts the sound waves and funnels them down the ear canal to the middle ear the sound waves then cause the eardrum to vibrate. then they move through three bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
the cochlea then vibrates when the stirrup vibrates. they cause little hair cells in the cochlea which causes electrical impulses to be sent to the brain by nerve |
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Definition
| fluid-filled structure shaped like a snails shell |
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| BALANCE IN THE INNER EAR I |
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Definition
| cristae ampillaris and the maculae sense different types of body movement |
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Term
| BALLANCE IN THE INNER EAR II |
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Definition
| cristae ampullaris (CA) retact to rotating movements of your body and the maculae check the position if your head with respect to the ground |
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Definition
| food gives off molecules in the air causing it to be smelt |
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olfactory cells-stimulated when food molecules are smelt
-are in nasal pasage
-kept moist by mucus |
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| taste buds on tounge = major sensory receptors for taste |
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10,000 buds on tounge
5 sensations- bitter sweet sour salty and the taste of MSG (monosodium glutamate) |
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| saliva helps food be tasted by washing over the taste buds sending impulses to the brain which are then interpreted and identified |
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| SMELL AND TASTE...RELATED? |
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Definition
| sense of smell needed to ID some foods |
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Term
| ALCOHOLS PATH THROUGH THE HUMAN BODY |
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Definition
1. enters through mouth
2. goes down throat
3. into stomach
4. out into nerves
5. up to brain
6. into liver
7. into kidneys |
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| ALCOHOL: STIMULANT OR DEPRESSANT |
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Definition
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| BEER SAFER THAN WINE OR HARD LIQUOR? |
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Definition
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| ALL ALCOHOL RELATED CAR CRASHES ARE FROM DRUNK DRIVERS |
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Definition
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yuppers
-it not only affects the abuser but everyone around the person as well |
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| IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO DRINK ALCOHOL TO PREVENT HEART DISEASE |
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Definition
| a little amount everyday can help prevent it |
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Definition
nope
it will prevent sleep maybe |
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| FOOD KEEPS YOU FROM BEING INTOXICATED |
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Definition
| no, but it slows down the process |
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