Term
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Definition
| Anterior-toward the forehead |
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Definition
| Posterior-Toward the spinal cord |
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Definition
| 83% of brain volume; cerebral hemispheres, gyri and sulci, longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum |
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Term
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Definition
| Has three parts: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains 50% of the neurons; second largest brain region, located in posterior cranial fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the portion of the brain that remains if the cerebrum and cerebellum are removed= midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| The seat of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses; Unmylenated |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of axons; Lies deep to cortical gray matter; Mylenated |
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Term
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Definition
| Three connective tissue membranes that envelop the brain: dura mater (holds brain in place), arachnoid mater, and pia mater. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the meninges; Pia mater and arachnoid are most often affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Four internal chambers within the brain filled with CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| Spongy mass of blood capillaries on the floor of each ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuroglia that lines the ventricles and covers choroid plexus; Produces cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| Clear, colorless liquid that fills the ventricles and canals of CNS; Functions: Buoyancy, Protection, and Chemical stability |
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Term
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Definition
| Strictly regulates what substances can get from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Contact blood capillaries and stimulates a tight seal between the brain and capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seat of sensory perception, memory, thought, judgment, and voluntary motor actions |
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Term
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Definition
| Hills and valleys of the brain; Increase amount of cortex in the cranial cavity; Sulci forms defined boundaries of the five lobes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Voluntary motor functions, Motivation, Social judgement |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives and integrates general sensory information, taste, and some visual processing |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary visual center of brain |
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Definition
| Areas for hearing, smell, learning, memory, and some aspects of vision and emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding spoken language, taste, and sensory information from visceral receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Any language deficit from lesions in same hemisphere (usually left) containing the Wernicke and Broca areas |
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Term
| Nonfluent (Broca) aphasia |
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Definition
| Lesion in Broca area; Slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, using words that only approximate the correct word. |
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Term
| Fluent (Wernicke) aphasia |
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Definition
| Lesion in Wernicke area; Speech normal and excessive, but uses senseless jargon; Cannot comprehend written and spoken words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can speak normally and understand speech, but cannot identify written words or pictures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ovoid mass on each side of the brain perched at the superior end of the brainstem beneath the cerebral hemispheres; Acts as a relay station for sensory impulses going to the cerebral cortex for integration and motor impulses entering and leaving the cerebral hemispheres. |
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Definition
| Major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system; Plays essential role in homeostatic regulation of all body systems; Hormone secretion-controls anterior pituitary; Emotional behavior- limbic system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very small mass of tissue composed of the pineal gland and habenula |
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Term
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Definition
| Endocrine gland- secretes the hormone melatonin- responsible for sleep wake cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Relay from the limbic system to the midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduction pathway that connects the cerebrum with the lower brain structures and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Also a conduction pathway communicating with the cerebellum. The pons works with the medulla oblongata to control the depth and rate of respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relay station for sensory nerves going to the cerebrum. The medulla contains autonomic centers such as the cardiac center, the respiratory center, and others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitors muscle contractions and aids in motor coordination; Important for balance; Evaluation of sensory input; Timekeeping center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of a network of neurons and is near the cerebrum and the diencephalon; Known as the emotional brain-interpretation of facial expression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loosely organized web of gray matter that runs vertically through all levels of the brainstem; Responsible for alertness and filters background noise; Coordinates visceral activity controlled by the ANS. |
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Term
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Definition
| If stimulus is prolonged, the firing of the neuron gets slower over time, and we become less aware of the stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defects in declarative memory: inability to describe past events. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unable to store new information |
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Term
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Definition
| Person cannot recall things known before the injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory; Effect-impaired sense of smell; Clinical Test- Can subject smell various aromatic substances |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory; Effect-complete or partial blindness; Clinical Test-inspect retina with scope |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed; V1-Opthalmic Division, V2-Maxillary Division, V3-Mandibular Division |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of sensation to upper face; Clinical Test- Test corneal reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of sensation to mid-face; Clinical Test-Test sense of touch, pain, and temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of sensation to lower face and impaired chewing; Clinical Test-Assess muscles of mastication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed; Effect-Loss of facial muscle control, distorted sense of taste; Clinical Test-Assess muscles of expression, test taste buds and tear glands. |
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Term
| VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve |
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Definition
| Sensory; Effect-Deafness, dizziness and inability to maintain balance; Clinical Test- Test hearing with a tuning fork, test balance and ability to walk a straight line. |
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Term
| IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
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Definition
| Mixed; Effect- Loss of taste, impaired swallowing; Clinical Test- Test gag reflex, swallowing, coughing, test posterior 1/3 taste buds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed; Effect-Vocal problems, difficulty swallowing and breathing, FATAL IF BOTH DAMAGED; Clinical test- Test gag reflex, swallowing, speaking, coughing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor; Effect-Impaired movement of head and neck; Clinical test- Require subject to rotate head and shrug shoulders |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor; Effect-Impaired speech and swallowing, inability to protrude tongue |
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