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| ______________________ are organizations created to seek benefits on behalf of persons who are in some way incapacitated or otherwise unable to represent their own interests. |
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| _________________is the view that competition and the subsequent negotiation and bargaining among multiple centers of power is the key to understanding how decisions are made. |
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| in 1881,______________founded the american federation of trade and labor unions which changed its name to the american federation of labor(AFL)in 1886. |
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| ___________________ are interest groups that collect money from their members and contribute these funds to candidates and parties. |
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| political action committes |
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| a _____________ is a person usually acting as an agent for a pressure group, who seeks to bring about the passage or defeat of legislative bills or to influence their contents. |
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| ________________________ is the giving or offering of anything of value with the intent of unlawfully influencing an official in the discharge of his/her duties |
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| a_______________________is an interest group that advocates for the entire broad spectrum of its constituency. |
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| in Texas, lobbyists operating at the state-level must register with the ____________ |
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| the national association for the advancment of colored persons (naacp) was founded in 1909 by_______________ |
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| _________________________is the process of bringing together the concerns of diverse groups into a workable program. |
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| ________________is bargaining on behalf of a group or employees as opposed to individual bargaining, where each worker represents him/herself. |
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| _______________is the ability to gain the attention and to influence the the decisions of key political agents. |
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| the term _________________refers to the freezing of action on an issue as a result of the sometimes overly effective operation of the separation of powers and the checks and balances system provided by the U.S. constitution and the natural functioning of the two-party system. |
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| the____________________scandel of 1824 resulted in the united states congress passing the corrupt practices act which limited campaign contributions. |
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| awards, perks and the benefits association with membership in an interest group are collectively known as______________________ |
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| ______________________is the view that political power and the ability to influence the most important policy decisions is held by a few individuals who derive power from their leadership positions in large institutions |
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| a ________________ is an individual who does not belong to an organized group, such as a union or a political party, but who nevertheless benefits from its activities. |
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| grassroots or _________________is influencing government decision makers through pressure usually in the form of letters, postcards, telegrams, and phone calls from a large number of constituents. |
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| in 2001, former U.S. house majority leader________________was convicted and sentenced for felony conspiracy and money laundering. |
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| founded in 1894, the_____________________________is the chicago-based professional organization for city engineers and other involved in construction, management and maintenance of public works projects |
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| american public works association |
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| in The End of Liberalism, political scientist Theodore Lowi believed that the interplay among interest groups and government institution is basically________________________ |
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| interest group liberalism |
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| founded in 1929 in Corpus Christi, the _______________________________________continues to be the preeminent for hispanic community |
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| league of united latin american citizens |
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| a nationally-affiliated orgaizations, the order of the Patrons of Husbandry or the ____________________________was founded by Oliver kelly in 1867 |
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| founded in 1900, the ____________________ was founded by businessmen advocating government regulation of business practices as well as better employee working conditions |
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| _____________________is a governing situation wherein so many groups so successfully compete for political power that power becomes decentralized and nothing much can get done |
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