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Located in North Texas near Jacksonboro and operating from 1868 to 1878, the post was home to the Fourth US Cavalry, Sixth US Cavalry, and Eleventh US Infantry. Commanded by Ranald S Mackenzie, it was the most important post from 1868 to 1873 in the wars against the Commanche and Kiowa Indians. (read more …) |
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| Fort Richardson (location) |
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| North Texas near Jacksonboro |
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| Fort Richardson (mission) |
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| Protect the settlers of North Texas from the Comanche and Kiowa Indians. |
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| Fort Richardson (importance) |
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| Most important post from 1868 to 1873 in the wars against the Comanche and Kiowa Indians. |
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Located in Northwest Texas and operating from 1867 to 1881, the post protected mail routes and its adjacent town supplied buffalo hunters. (read more …) |
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| Northwest Texas near Albany |
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| Protect the stagecoaches, wagon trains, and surveying parties and protect cattlemen and buffalo hunters of Northwest Texas from the Comanche Indians. |
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| Fort Griffin (importance) |
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| Nucleus of border defense and staging post for the buffalo hunters. |
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Located in Central Texas near Menard and operating from 1868 to 1883, it served as the temporary headquarters of Ranald Mackenzie. (read more …) |
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| Central Texas near Menard |
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| Supply US Army divisions in their assault of Comanche Indians in the Texas Panhandle. |
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| Fort McKavett (importance) |
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| Temporary headquarters of Ranald Mackenzie. |
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Located in West Texas in San Angelo and operating from 1867 to 1889, home of the buffalo soldiers. (read more …) |
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| Protect the settlers and roads of the West Texas region from the Comanche Indians. |
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| Home of the buffalo soldiers. |
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Located in the Trans-Pecos at the base of the Davis Mountains and operating from 1854 to 1891, it protected the region from Vitorio, who led the Mimbres Apaches. (read more …) |
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| Trans-Pecos at the base of the Davis Mountains |
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Definition
| Protect the roads of the Trans-Pecos region from the Comanche and Apache Indians. |
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| Protected the Trans-Pecos area from Vitorio, who led the Mimbres Apaches. |
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Located in South Texas near Brackettville and operating from 1852 to 1940s, (read more …) |
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| South Texas near Brackettville |
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| Defend the border at the Rio Grande between Fort Brown and Fort Davis. |
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| Defend the border at the Rio Grande between Fort Brown and Fort Davis. |
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| Shooters killed the buffalo while skinners took their hides. |
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| Shooters would take position less than 100 yards from a herd and shoot the bison through the lungs. Skinners then drove spikes through the |
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| Actually bison not buffalo, a large bovid native to North American with a population once numbering between 60 and 100 million. |
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| AKA Warren Wagon Train Massacre, an Indian massacre of a wagon train party. Seeing the aftermath inspired General Sherman to overturn the Treaty of Medicine Lodge and attack the Comanche Indians within their reservation. |
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| General William T Sherman |
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| Ordered a change from the Quaker Indian Policy to one of aggression after seeing the aftermath of the Warren Wagon Train Massacre. |
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| Ishatai and Quanah Parker lead a band of about 700 Commanche warriors attacked the Adobe Walls trading post, which was occupied by 28 people including one woman. The hunters repelled the attack, suffering four fatalities. The battle led to the Red River War and the subsequent relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma. |
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| Battle of Adobe Walls (impetus) |
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Definition
| Ishatai had a vision of the Plains Indians uniting to drive the white men off their land. The Comanche and Kiowa banded together to attack. |
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| Battle of Adobe Walls (participants) |
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Definition
| 700 Commanche warriors attacking 28 militia, mostly buffalo hunters. |
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Term
| Battle of Adobe Walls (outcome) |
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| The militia repelled the attackers. The battle resulted in about 30 fatalities including four militia. |
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Term
| Battle of Adobe Walls (effect) |
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Definition
| The battle led to the Red River War and the subsequent relocation of the Southern Plains Indians to reservations in Oklahoma. |
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Term
| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon |
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Definition
| A Comanchero (Comanche trader) revealed the location of Quanah Parker and his tribe to Ranald Mackenzie. Mackenzie attacked soon thereafter and captured almost all the horses and supplies of the Indians. |
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| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (impetus) |
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| Ranald Mackenzie had not been able to locate the Comanches on the Plains for three years. Upon discovering their location, he attacked. |
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| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (participants) |
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| Quanah Parker and a tribe of Comanche versus Ranald Mackenzie and the US Cavalry. |
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| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (outcome) |
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| With relatively few casualties, Ranald Mackenzie captured all the supplies of the warring Comanche Indians and forced them through a long, hungry winter. |
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| Battle of Palo Duro Canyon (effect) |
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| Quanah Parker surrendered and moved his people to Fort Sill Reservation the following Spring. |
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| Established the Quaker Peace Policy with the Comanche Indians. Indians were to remain within their reservation and white men would not enter it. Both parties violated the treaty. |
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| Black soldiers of the Fourth and Tenth US Cavalry led by Ranald Mackanzie. |
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| "The gun that shoots today and kills tomorrow," designed specifically for buffalo hunting. Billy Dixon made a legendary 1,538 yard shot at the Second Battle of Adobe Walls with the rifle. |
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| Leaders of the Salt Creek Massacre. Arrested on Fort Sill Reservation. Tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in a civilian court. Governor Davis commuted their sentence to life imprisonment, and they were later paroled. |
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| An Indian reservation in Oklahoma |
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| Pleaded to a joint session of Congress to slaughter the bison. |
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| Colonel Ranald S Mackenzie |
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| Leader of the US Cavalry against the Southern Plains Indians. |
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| "Antelope Eaters", a tribe of Comanche Indians in the Llano Estacado. |
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| "Honey Eaters", a tribe of Comanche Indians in the Hill Country. |
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| War chief of 700 Comanche warriors in the Battle of Adobe Walls. Led the surrender of the remaining Comanches to Fort Sill Reservation in 1875. |
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| Messiah of 700 Comanche warriors who fought the Battle of Adobe Walls. |
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| Chief of the Kiowa who fought alongside Ishatai and Quanah Parker. |
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| Butterfield Overland Stage Route |
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| A mail route passing through Texas to California from 1852 to 1861. |
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| A Mimbres Apache brigand who terrorized northern Mexico and southern Texas. |
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| A tribe of Apache in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas and Mexico. |
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