Term
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Definition
| A stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves a fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of evolution that changes a liquid into a gaseous state. |
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Term
| Water can extinguish FIRE by: |
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Definition
By cooling(which absorbs heat from fire)
By smothering(by diluting or excluding oxygen) |
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Term
| Latent Heat of Vaporization |
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Definition
| Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor. |
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Term
| Water Expansion Capability |
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Definition
| Water expands 1,700 times its original volume when converted to steam at 212 degree. |
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Term
| Converting water to steam: |
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Definition
Absorbs more heat faster, cooling fuel below ignition temperature.
Displaces hot gases, smoke, and other products of combustion.
In some cases may smother fire by excluding oxygen. |
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Term
| Characteristics of water that are valuable to extinguishing fire are: |
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Definition
Water is readily available and inexpensive
Water has a greater heat absorbsion capacity
Water changing into steam requires large amount of heat
Water can be applied in variety of ways, solid stream,fog stream,straight stream,narrow stream,wide pattern, or broken stream |
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Term
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Definition
| That part of total pressure that is lost while forcing water through pipes,fittings,hose,and adapters.(water molecules rub against the inside) |
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Term
| Friction Loss is increased by: |
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Definition
Rough lining in fire hose
Damaged hose couplings
Kinks or sharp bends
More adapters than needed
Hose lines longer than needed
Hose diameter too small for the volume needed |
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Term
| Elevation Loss/Gain refers to: |
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Definition
| Gain or loss in hoseline pressure caused by gravity when there is a difference in elevation. |
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Term
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Definition
Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass.
Produced from a fixed orifice, solid-bore nozzle
Designed to produce a stream as compact as possible with little shower or spray
Ability to reach long distances
Handline- 50 psi
Master Stream- 80 psi |
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Term
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Definition
| Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops. |
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Term
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Definition
| Force created by the rapid deceleration of water causing a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures. (results from closing a valve or nozzle to quickly) |
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Term
| Components of a Fire Stream |
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Definition
| Must have-pressure device(pump), hose, agent(water) and nozzle |
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Term
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Definition
| Discharges less than 40 gpm (booster line)Typically supplied by 3/4inch, 1 inch, or 1 1/2 inch hoseline. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flows from 40 gpm to 350 gpm. supplied by 1 1/2-inch to 3-inch hose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discharges more than 350 gpm, supplied by 2 1/2-inch to 3-inch hose. |
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Term
| Advantages of Solid Streams are: |
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Definition
| Better interior visibility, Greater reach, Operate at reduced nozzle pressure, Easier to maneuver, Greater penetrating power, Less likely to disturb normal thermal layering of heat and gases, Less prone to clogging, Can be used to apply foam. |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Solid Stream are: |
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Definition
| Does not allow for different stream pattern, provides less heat absorption, hoseline more easily kinked. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permit settings of straight stream, narrow-angle fog, and wide-angle fog |
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Term
| 5 Factors that affect reach of fog stream: |
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Definition
| Gravity, Water Velocity, Fire Stream Pattern Selection, Water Droplet Friction With Air, Wind |
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Term
| Manually Adjustable Nozzle |
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Definition
| Rate of discharge is manually adjustable by rotating the selector ring located behind the nozzle tip. Flow rate-10gpm-250gpm for handlines and 300gpm-2,500gpm for master streams. |
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Term
| Automatic (constant pressure) Nozzle |
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Definition
| Automatically vary the rate to maintain a reasonable constant nozzle pressure through a specific flow rate. Operator can change the flow by opening or closing the shutoff valve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle. |
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Term
| Ball Valve / Nozzle Control Valve |
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Definition
Most common nozzle control valves, provides effective control during nozzle operation with minimum of effort.
The Ball-perforated by a smooth waterway, is suspended from both sides of the nozzle body and seals against a seat. |
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Term
| Valve Handle is also called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Side Valve / Nozzle Control Valve |
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Definition
| Cylindrical slide valve control seats a movable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of an exterior barrel guided by a screw that moves it forward or backward, rotating around an interior barrel, rotary control valve also control discharge pattern of the stream. |
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Term
| Fire Fighting Foam Extinguishes and/or prevents fire in several ways: |
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Definition
Separating-creates barrier between fuel and fire.
Cooling-lowers the temperature
Smothering-(suppressing)-suppresses the release of flammable vapors.
Penetrating-lowers the surface tension of water and allows it to penetrate deep seated fires. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flammable liquids that have an attraction to water. |
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Term
| Class A Foam can be used on: |
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Definition
| Flammable Solids, can be delivered through variety of nozzle types,coats and insulates fuels, preventing pyrolysis and ignition. |
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Term
| Class B Foam can be used on: |
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Definition
| Flammable Liquids like Hydrocarbon Fuels / Polar Solvents, suppress vapors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flammable liquids that float on water:crude oil,fuel oil,gasoline,benzene,naphtha,jet fuel,kerosene,petroleum based combustible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mix readily with water:alcohol,acetone,lacquer thinner,ketones,acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Raw foam liquid before the introduction of water and air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Devise that introduces the foam into the water stream to make the foam solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the increase in volume of a foam solution when it is aerated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air/Solution Ratio up to 20 parts of finished foam for every part of foam solution. (20:1) |
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Term
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Definition
| Air/Solution Ratio up to 20 parts of finished foam for every part of foam solution. (20:1-200:1) |
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Term
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Definition
| Air/Solution Ratio up to 20 parts of finished foam for every part of foam solution. (200:1-1,000:1) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixing of water with an appropriate amount of foam to form a foam solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the amount of heat energy required to raise temperature of a specified mass of a substance by one degree. |
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