Term
| Fire detection,alarm,and suppression systems fulfill specific functions. |
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Definition
a)To notify occupants / take evasive action to escape the dangers of a fire.
b)To summon organized assistance for fire control activities.
c)To initiate automatic fire control and suppression systems and sound alarm.
d)To supervise fire control.
e)To initiate a wide variety of auxiliary functions like elevators,utilities. |
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Term
| Fire Detection, Alarm, and Suppression Systems operate: |
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Definition
| Mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, and electrically |
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Term
| Most State of The Art Systems operate: |
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Definition
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Term
| Automatic Sprinkler System |
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Definition
| System of water pipes, discharge nozzles, and control valves designed to activate during a fire. |
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Term
| Automatic Suppression System |
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Definition
| Sprinkler, Standpipe, carbon Dioxide, and Halogenated Systems as well as Fire Pumps, Dry Chemical Agents, Foam Extinguishers, and Combustible Metal Agents that sense heat, Smoke, or Gas and activate automatically. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fire Detection, Alarm, and Suppression Systems |
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Term
Protected Premises Alarm System
commonly called (Local Warning Systems) |
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Definition
| Most basic alarm system / designed to be initiated manually-by pulling a handle. Signal only alerts occupants. It does not notify the Fire Department! |
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Term
| Four basic types of Automatic Alarm-Initiating Devices are: |
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Definition
| Heat Detectors, Smoke Detectors, Fire Gases Detectors and Flame Detectors. |
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Term
| Two Types of Heat Detectors are: |
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Definition
Fixed-Temperature Devices
Rate-of-Rise Detectors |
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Term
| Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors are activated when they are heated to the temperature for which they are rated. |
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Definition
| Are relatively inexpensive, least prone to false activations, heat rated at 135 degree-174 degree(common living spaces) Attics-200 degree. Can be slow to activate. |
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Term
| Fixed-Temperature Devices activate by three mechanisms: |
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Definition
Expansion of Heated Material(fusible link;bimetallic)
Melting of Heated Material(frangible bulb)
Changes in Resistance of Heated Materials(continuous line) |
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Term
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Definition
| Connecting link device that fuses or melts when exposed to heat. (used in Sprinklers, Fire Doors, Dampers and Ventilators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small glass vial fitted into the discharge orifice of a fire sprinkler. Vial is filled with liquid that expands as heat builds up. |
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Term
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Definition
| Detect heat over a linear area parallel to the detector. Consist of a cable that loses electrical resistance at a predetermined temperature increasing current flow thus initiating an alarm signal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two metals that have different thermal expansion characteristics. When heated, one metal will expand faster than the other and cause the strip to arch or bend and makes or breaks contact to activate alarm. |
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Term
| Rate-of-Rise Heat Detectors |
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Definition
| Operate on the assumption that the temperature in a room will increase faster from a fire than from normal atmospheric heating.(Temperature exceeds 12 degree to 15 degree in 1 minute. |
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Term
| Rate-of-Rise Heat Detectors |
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Definition
| Most are reliable and not subject to false activations. automatically reset if not damaged. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common in use. Consist of a small dome-shaped air camber with flexible metal diaphragm in the base. Monitor small areas. |
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Term
| Pneumatic Rate-of Rise Line Detector |
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Definition
| System of tubing arranged over a wide area of coverage. Tubing is limited to 1000 feet arranged in rows 30 ft apart 5 ft from wall. |
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Term
| Rate-Compensated Detector |
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Definition
| Designed for areas normally subject to regular temperature changes that are slower than those under fire conditions. |
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Term
| Rate-Compensated Detector |
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Definition
| Consist of an outer metallic sleeve that encases two bowed struts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two wires of dissimilar metals are twisted together and heated at one end, an electrical current is generated at the other end. rapid changes in temperature result in large amounts of current flowing and activation of the alarm system. |
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Term
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Definition
Installed in nonresidential and large multi-family residential occupancies.
Are only capable of detecting smoke and must transmit a signal to another device that sounds the alarm. |
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Term
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Definition
Installed in single-family residences and small multi- family residential occupancies.
Are self-contained units capable of both detecting the presence of smoke and sounding an alarm. |
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Term
| Photoelecrtic Smoke Detectors |
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Definition
| Uses a small light source,either an incandescent bulb or a light-emitting diode(LED) to detect smoke. |
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Term
| Photoelecrtic Smoke Detectors / functions in two ways: |
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Definition
(Beam Application)
(Refractory Photocell) |
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Term
| Ionization Smoke Detectors |
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Definition
| Use a small amount of radioactive material. |
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Term
Flame Detectors (Light Detectors)
3 Types are: |
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Definition
Those that detect light in the ultraviolet wave spectrum (UV detector
Those that detect light in the infrared wave spectrum (IR detector)
Those that detect both types of light. |
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Term
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Definition
Are able to detect gases through Semiconductors or Catalytic elements.
Water Vapor,Carbon Dioxide,Carbon Monoxide,Hydrogen Chloride,Hydrogen Cyanide,Hydrogen Fluoride,Hydrogen sulfide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alarm actuated by heat, gas, smoke or flame-sensing devices, or water-flow in a sprinkler system that transmit a signal to an off-site location and summon assistance in fighting a fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that connects the protected property with the fire department alarm communications center by a municipal master fire box or over a dedicated telephone line. |
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Term
| 3 Types of Auxiliary Systems are: |
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Definition
Local Energy Systems
The Shunt System
The parallel Telephone System |
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Term
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Definition
| An auxiliary alarm system within an occupancy that is attached directly to a hardwired or radio-type municipal fire alarm master box.Alarm can be initiated by manual pull station, automatic fire detection device, or waterflow devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Municipal alarm circuit extends (is Shunted) into the protected property. |
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Term
| Parallel Telephone Systems |
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Definition
| Do not interconnect with a municipal alarm circuit. Instead they transmit an alarm from the protected property directly to the alarm center over a municipally controlled telephone circuit that serves no other purpose. |
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Term
| Remote Station Alarm Systems |
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Definition
| Are connected to the fire department telecommunications center directly or through an answering service by some means other than the municipal fire alarm box system. |
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Term
| Typical indicating alarms are: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protect large commercial and industrial buildings, high-rises, college campuses and industrial complexes. Has its own system that is wired into a common receiving point somewhere in the facility. Constantly staffed by representatives of the occupancy who are trained in the systems operation and the action to take when an alarm is received. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect large commercial and industrial buildings, high-rises, college campuses and industrial complexes. Alarm receiving point is at an off-site(alarm company) |
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Term
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Definition
| Alarm system that sound before a total flooding extinguishing system is about to discharge. |
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Term
| Automatic Sprinkler System / Two General Types of Coverage are: |
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Definition
Complete Sprinkler System
Partial Sprinkler System |
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Term
| Complete Sprinkler System |
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Definition
| Protect the entire building |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect small areas such as high hazard areas,exits,routes. |
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Term
| A Sprinkler System may not perform properly because of the following; |
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Definition
a)Partial of completely closed main water control valve.
b)Interruption to the main water supply.
c)Damaged or painted over sprinklers
d)Frozen or broken pipes.
e)excess debris or sediment in the pipes.
f)Failure of a secondary device.
g)Tampering and vandalism.
h)Obstructions |
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Term
| Sprinklers are effective in the following situations: |
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Definition
Preventing fire spread upwards in a multistory building.
Protecting the lives of the occupants in other parts of the building. |
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Term
| There are times when sprinkler are not as effective: |
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Definition
Fire is too small to activate alarm,
Smoke generation reaches occupants before sprinkler system activities.
Sleeping, intoxication, handicapped persons occupy the building. |
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Term
| Sprinkler System Fundamentals |
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Definition
| Start with a water main, continue into the control valve, then fire dept connection, alarm valve, main drain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water-flow device in the sprinkler system, consist of threaded nipple that connects to the water pipe, a discharge orifice, a heat-actuated plug that drops out when a certain temperature is reached. |
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Term
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Definition
| Head is pointing down from the pipe. Most common type. Umbrella-shaped pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mounted on the top of the pipe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from the side of a pipe and is used in small rooms. Fan shaped pattern. |
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Term
| Special Purpose Sprinkler |
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Definition
| Installed in areas with corrosive atmospheres. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cabinet to house spare parts. sprinklers, wrench. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to turn off water supply to the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to turn off water supply to the system. Located under the sprinkler alarm valve / dry pipe or deluge valve or outside the building near the system it controls. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows at a glance whether it is open or closed. |
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Term
| 4 Common Type of Indicator Control Valves used in Sprinkler Systems are: |
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Definition
Outside Stem and Yoke
Post Indicator Valve
Wall Post Indicator Valve
Post indicator Valve Assembly |
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