Term
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Definition
1.Echo Sounding
2.Multibeam Systems
3.Seismic reflection profiles
4.Satellite Altimetry |
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Term
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Definition
| satellites measure variations in the elevation of the ocean surface which are caused by the gravitational pull of large underwater features |
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Term
| Seismic reflection profiles |
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Definition
| reveals rock structure beneath seafloor sediment |
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Term
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Definition
| uses multiple sound beams to reveal a more complete picture of the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| A pulse of sound is directed at the bottom and the reflection (echo) is detected. The time required for this can be correlated to distance. |
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Term
| 3 Major areas of the seafloor |
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Definition
1.Continental margins
2.Deep-ocean basins
3.Oceanic ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| submerged edge of the continents |
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Term
| Types of Continental Margins |
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Definition
1. Passive Continental Margins
2. Active Continental Margins |
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Term
| Passive Continental Margins |
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Definition
| not situated along an active plate boundary |
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Term
| Active Continental Margins |
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Definition
| situated along a (subduction zone type) convergent plate boundary |
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Term
| Types of Passive Continental Margins |
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Definition
1.Continental shelf
2.Continental slope
3.Continental rise |
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Term
| Types of Active Continental Margins |
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Definition
1.continental shelf narrow or nonexistent
2.deep-ocean trench forms between plates
3.accretionary wedge |
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Term
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Definition
| is long and gently sloping (1 degree); thick layers of sediment;area of much ocean life. |
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Term
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Definition
| (5-25 degrees); marks the edge of the continent |
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Term
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Definition
| (1/3 of a degree); region of sediments deposited from continental shelf. |
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Term
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Definition
rock and sediment are scraped from subducting plate and plastered to edge of
continent |
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Term
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Definition
1. Trenches
2. Volcanic Island Archs
4. Abyssal Plains
5. Volcanic Peaks of the Abyssal Plains
6. Oceanic plateaus |
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Term
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Definition
1.deep arc-shaped troughs which form at subduction-type convergent plate boundaries
2.deepest places in the oceans
3.no continental rise because sediment is deposited in the trench |
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Term
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Definition
1.Curving line of volcanic islands
2.Parallel to trenches
3.Magma forms due to partial melting of mantle above subducting slab |
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Term
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Definition
1.Deep (4-6 km), flat regions of sediment-covered seafloor
2.Thick layer of fine sediment covering irregularities in underlying crust
3.Most occur in Atlantic and Indian Oceans (passive continental margins)
4.Fewer located in Pacific (active continental margins–trenches trap sediment from land) |
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Term
| Volcanic Peaks of the Abyssal Plains |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.flat-top.
2.Seamount high enough to rise above sea level and form an island.
3.Wave erosion flattened the top. |
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Term
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Definition
1.higher than 1000m
2.pointy top.
3.Created above hot spots and along oceanic ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| thick flows of basaltic lava |
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Term
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Definition
1.form along divergent plate boundaries
2.elevated due to hot,upward moving mantle
3.broken into ridge segments,offset by transform faults
4.tensional stress causes normal faulting
5.deep sea hydrothermal vents occur in some locations |
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Term
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Definition
1.Birth of a new ocean basin
2.tensional stress causes normal faulting
3.young, narrow oce
an basin develops where rifting continue |
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Term
| Destruction of Oceanic Lithosphere |
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Definition
1.subduction occurs at convergent plate boundaries where one or both plates have oceanic crust
2.occurs because overall density of lithosphere is greater than underlying mantle (asthenosphere) |
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