Term
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Definition
| the process of learning associations between enviromental events and behavioral responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response. |
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Term
| UCS(unconditioned stimulus) |
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Definition
| the natural stimulus that reflezively elicits a response without the need for prior learning. |
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Term
| UCR(unconditioned response) |
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Definition
| the unlearned reflexive response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the capacity to elicit a reflexive response. |
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Term
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Definition
| the learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurrenc of a learned response not only to the original stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli |
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Term
| extinction( in classical cond.) |
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Definition
| the gradual weakening an apparent disappearance of conditioned behavior. in classical conditioning, extintion occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Skinner's term for an actively emitted(or voluntary) behavior that operates on the enviroment to produce consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic learning process that involves changing the probability that a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response. |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurrence of a stimulus of event following a response that increases the likelihood of that response being repeated. |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which a response is followed by the addition of a reinforcing stimulus increasing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which a response results in the removal of, avoidance of, or escape from a punishing stimulus, increasing the likelihood that the response will be repeated in similar situations |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities. |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus or event that has acquired reinforcing value by being associated with a primary reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| the presentation of a stimulus or event following a behavior that acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior's being reported |
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Term
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Definition
| the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed |
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Term
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Definition
| a schedule of reinforcement in which every occurrence of a particular response is reinforced. |
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Term
| partial reinforcement effect |
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Definition
| the phenomenon in which behaviors that are conditioned using partial reinforcement are more resisant to extinction than behaviors that are conditioned using continuous reinforcement. |
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Term
| fixed-ratio (FR) schedule |
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Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered after a fixed number of responses has occurred. |
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Term
| variable-ratio (VR) schedule |
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Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses, which varies unpredictably from trial to trial |
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Term
| variable-interval (VI) schedule |
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Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an average time interval, which varies unpredictably from trial to trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| the mental processes that enable us to retain and use information over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of transforming info into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of retaining info in memory so that it can be used at a later time. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of recovering info stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it |
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Term
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Definition
| a model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of memory that registers info from the enviroment and holds it for a very brief period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| the active stage of memory in which info is stored for up to about 20 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of info. |
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Term
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Definition
| rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of info to help encode |
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